Napoleon at the Crossroads

Napoleon at the Crossroads Rulebook

Table of Contents

PART ONE: STANDARD RULES
PART TWO: EXCLUSIVE RULES

PART ONE: STANDARD RULES

INTRODUCTION

[1.] This Standard Rulebook contains rules common to games in the Series Δ 2X of The Campaigns of Napoleon, and sets forth basic concepts of play. In order to make this massive campaign more manageable, all quanta have been factored-up from previous games in the series. Because of basic differences in scale, these Standard Rules have been modified with several changes that do not apply to the previous (1X and 5X) games in the Series. Rules tailored to a specific campaign are called “Exclusive” Rules. Each game also has an Exclusive Rulebook. Exclusive Rules supercede any rules they may contradict in the Standard Rules. Note: Substantive changes from Highway to the Kremlin are indicated by the symbol Δ prior to the new rule.

HOW THE RULES ARE ORGANIZED

[2.] Most of the rules are numbered according to the step in the Sequence of Play (e.g., “I.a.2”) to which they apply. Whenever you have a question during the course of play, refer to the section of the rules corresponding to that step in the Sequence.

[3.] All rules paragraphs in this folder are numbered sequentially in order of appearance from 1 through 210.

Rules Questions

[4.] Rules questions may be submitted by email. Each question must begin with the rules paragraph causing the problem. Questions may be sent to the following email address: [email protected] Questions and answers will be published at OSG’s Discussion Board at http://www.napoleongames.com

GENERAL COURSE OF PLAY

[5.] The game is designed for two or more Players. The game map depicts the theatre of operations; the playing pieces represent the military forces available in the theatre. Those forces comprise France and her Allies versus one or more of the nations in the anti-French “Coalition.” The order in which the opposing sides interact is spelled-out by the Sequence of Play.

[6.] The Leadership rules control the make-up of Forces deployed on the game map. Each Force is composed of Combat Units, commanded by a Leader. Leaders (along with Vedettes and Garrisons—see Exclusive Rules) are deployed on the map. A Leader may also command other Leaders in his own or adjacent hexagons (hexes). Leaders are rated according to their Initiative Rating–important in movement and combat; Command Span–a limit on the number of Combat Units and/or Subordinate Leaders they may command; and Subordination Rating–their ability to function under the command of another Leader.

[7.] Four important concepts in these rules are:

March Attrition, a possible non-combat loss of manpower, the likelihood of which will increase the farther a unit marches; 2) March by Command, allowing a Force to be moved automatically; 3) March by Initiative, allowing a Force to be moved only if the Leader passes a check of his Initiative, determined by the roll of a die; 4) Combat Losses are taken either in terms of hexes retreated or number of Strength Points lost depending upon the type of battle (Pitched or Pursuit) revealed by the losing Player.

[8.] Victory Conditions, as listed in the Exclusive Rules for each game in the series, concern the will of a nation to make

war. When the Morale of an army has been broken, or public opinion ceases to support the war effort, the game ends.

Game Scale

[9.] Each hexagon represents an area Δ 6 kilometers (3.75 miles) across. Each Strength Point represents three thousand men or 42 field artillery pieces. Game-Turn length is three days.

GAME EQUIPMENT

The Game Map

[10.] The Game Map depicts the territory in which campaigning occurred as well as territory containing alternate strategic objectives of the campaign. The terrain has been conformed to a hexagonal grid. Each hexagonal cell, or “hex,” represents a discrete location which may be entered by a Force through the expenditure of Movement Points. Different terrain features require a different Movement Point cost to enter. Each hex has a four-digit identification number, which may be preceded by a letter-code in games with more than one map.

Dice

[11.] The play of the game requires two six-sided dice (not included).

The Playing Pieces

[12.] The Playing Pieces will be referred to as “counters” or “markers.” There are three types: Combat Unit counters; Leader counters; and Informational markers. Combat Units remain throughout the game on the Organization Display of the appropriate nationality. (Exception: Vedettes and Garrisons are deployed directly on the map.) The Leader they are assigned to, and the strength of the units, are shown by the spaces they occupy on the Display. They remain on this display as long as they have at least one Strength Point. If at any time they drop to zero they are immediately removed from the game. Until such time, however, they may be shuffled from one Leader’s track to another during the Friendly Command Phase provided the two Leaders occupy the same hex on the game map. Leaders may either be on the game map or the Organization Display depending on whether or not they are subordinate to another Leader. The use of the various informational markers will be explained later in this, or in the Exclusive, Rulebook.

Combat Units

Sample Combat Unit diagram labels: Identification; Unit Type; Maximum Strength; Size; Movement Allowance; Subordination Value.

[13.] Printed on each counter is its Maximum Strength (the actual strength of the unit will vary due to losses or the incorporation of replacements). During play the current strength of a Combat Unit will be indicated by the space it occupies on the Organization Display (if in the “3” space the unit has three Strength Points). When a unit takes losses or receives replacements the counter is moved left or right on the track to reflect this new value. No unit may exceed its Maximum Strength. Once a Combat Unit is eliminated, or has zero SPs, it may never be reformed. You can never bring eliminated Combat Units back with Replacements.

[14.] The abbreviated name of the officer commanding the particular unit is given for historical reference, as is its unit type (infantry, cavalry or artillery), its unit i.d. and its size. Unit Size: X Brigade XX Division XXX Corps Unit Types Infantry Cavalry Artillery Vedette

[15.] The Unit Type will be important in combat as well as movement. Cavalry has a Movement Allowance greater than infantry but pays a greater Movement Point Cost for certain types of Terrain. Artillery uses a special Fire Table for combat, and has some restrictions on its movement.

[16.] Subordination Value is the amount of a Leader’s Command Span required to command the unit.

Leaders

Sample Leader Unit diagram labels: Identification; Initiative Rating; Subordination Value; Command Span; Bonus.

[17.] Leader counters display the name of the Leader, his Initiative Rating, a Bonus Point (indicated by a star), the Leader’s Command Span, and Subordination Value. The other side of the counter will display the Army or national insignia. When on the game map this is the only side of the Leader which may be viewed by the opposing Player—except in Combat and Repulse (see ¶ 21).

Game Charts, Tables and Displays

[18.] Each game has Organization Displays for the armies. There is a Turn Record Track and other charts and tables printed on separate sheets for ready access by the Players.

ORGANIZATION DISPLAYS

[19.] Each army has its own Organization Displays. Next to the Leader’s Initiative Rating, Command Span, and Subordination Value is his Subordinate Units Track where Combat Units which belong to the Leader’s Force are placed during play. The Combat Units are placed in the space corresponding to their current strength and Subordinate Leaders are placed on the portrait of the Force Leader.

INTELLIGENCE

Leader Identity and Force Strength

[20.] The information on the Organization Displays should be concealed from the other Player. All Combat Units and Subordinate Leaders on a Leader’s track are considered to occupy the same hex as the Leader.

[21.] Force Leaders and Unemployed Leaders moving across the map remain with their informational side down, hidden from the opposing Player. Leaders are only revealed at two points during the turn: following a Repulse attempt (¶130); and during Steps 1 and 2 of Combat (see ¶146). At such times, place all Subordinate Leaders of both sides on the map.

[22.] Leaders of both players become hidden again at the end of the Combat Phase.

Procedural Security

[23.] The information on the Organization Display should remain confidential once Players feel comfortable with the game mechanics. If it is amenable to all Players, the following should also be kept confidential:

Die rolls for Initiative during Movement and Forced March.
The results of Attrition.
The addition of Replacements to Combat Units and their accumulation.
The identity of Subordinate Leaders when the Force is in the Zone of Control of an opposing Force (EZOC).

LEADERSHIP

GENERAL RULE:

[24.] Before any movement can take place in the Movement Phase or the Forced March Segment, the troops to be moved must be constituted into “Forces.” Leaders make this possible. Forces on the map are represented by their Leaders only.

COMMAND SPAN

[25.] A Leader may command a number of Combat Units whose combined Subordination Ratings are equal to or less than his Command Span. The Command Span is the righthand number printed on the Leader counter and on the Leader’s track of the Organization Display. Certain Combat Units absorb more of a Leader’s Command Span than others. In general, the Subordination Value of an infantry division will absorb one full point of a Leader’s Command Span, Δ and an Infantry Corps will absorb 2 points. Example: A French Leader with a Command Span of 3 could possibly command three infantry divisions, or a combined Force of one infantry corps and one infantry division, or any combination of Combat Unit counters which when added together have Subordination Values not greater than the Leader’s Command Span of 3. Cavalry Major Generals in Command of Infantry or Artillery

[26.] If a Cavalry Major General (see ¶ 68) has an Infantry or Artillery Unit on its track on the Organization Display, reduce his Initiative Rating to “one” and increase his Subordination Rating to “two.” This change lasts as long as the Major General commands Infantry or Artillery Units.

[27.] Mixture of Coalition Forces Δ Coalition Leaders may have Coalition units of different nationalities on their tracks. However, no more than one combat unit on a Leader's track may be of a different nationality.

Force Leaders

[28.] Leaders may command other Leaders. A Leader who commands other Leaders is called a Force Leader. Leaders that are under the command of another Leader are called Subordinate Leaders and are placed in the Force Leader’s portrait on the display unless part of a Multi-Hex Force. There may only be one Force Leader per Force. The number in the center of a Leader counter is the Leader’s Subordination Value. A Force Leader may command a number of Leaders whose combined Subordination Values do not exceed the Force Leader’s Command Span. Example: A Force Leader with a Command Span of “6” could command three Subordinate Leaders with Subordination Values of “2” each. Subordinate Leaders must be in the hex with the Force Leader, or adjacent to the Force Leader (in the case of a Multi-Hex Force). Δ Units belonging to Subordinate Leaders do not count against the Force Leader's Command

Span. Example: French Leader Vandamme has a Subordination Rating of Δ 2,Δ and a Command Span of six. Napoleon's cost to command him is only 2, no matter how many units Vandamme has on his track.

Commanding Combat Units and Subordinate Leaders

[29.] A Force Leader may command a combination of Combat Units and Subordinate Leaders. A Force Leader may command any number of Combat Units and Subordinate Leaders as long as their totaled Subordination Values do not exceed the Force Leader’s Command Span. Δ A subordinate leader cannot have his own subordinate leader. Example: Napoleon commands several subordinates in the same hex as himself. In an adjacent hex is Macdonald, also commanding two subordinate leaders. Napoleon may not command Macdonald even if he has enough command span for Macdonald, because both are force leaders. Example: A Force Leader with a Command Span of “6” could command one infantry corps and two infantry divisions (on his track), and a Subordinate Leader with a Subordination Value of “2” (either in the Subordinate Leaders box, or in an adjacent hex in the case of a Multi-Hex Force).

Unemployed Leaders

[30.] A Leader without any Subordinate Leaders or Combat Units at the beginning of the Friendly Movement Phase, is an Unemployed Leader. An Unemployed Leader may automatically move, regardless of Initiative or Movement Commands, up to 12 Movement Points during each Friendly Movement Phase and Forced March Segment. He pays Terrain costs as if he were a Cavalry Force. (Exception: No extra cost for bridges.) Unemployed Leaders ignore enemy Zones of Control (“ZOCs”–see ¶121) and do not exert a ZOC. When moving an Unemployed Leader the Phasing Player must inform the non-Phasing Player that the counter he is moving is an Unemployed Leader. Unemployed Leaders cannot cut Lines of Communication.

[31.] An Unemployed Leader may not take command of a Force until the next Command Phase. Unemployed Leaders may move, displace, and retreat as part of a Force they are stacked with. The Subordination Rating of Unemployed Leaders is ignored.

Elimination of Leaders

[32.] A Leader may be captured under two circumstances:

when all SPs in the Leader’s Force are removed as a result of Combat or Pursuit; 2) when an enemy force which includes cavalry repulses an unemployed leader.

[33.] In either case above, the capture of all leaders is determined by a die roll against initiative to see if they escape. In order to avoid capture, the owning Player must roll a die no higher than the Leader’s unmodified Initiative Rating. If the Leader avoids capture he is Repulsed instead (see ¶130). Captured Leaders are Δ replaced in the following manner: Return the eliminated leader’s counter to play after one complete turn out of play. Subtract “one” from his command and Initiative Ratings henceforth.

LEADERSHIP BONUS POINTS

[34.] The Leadership Bonus is shown by a star on the Leader counter. The number of stars indicates the value of the Leadership Bonus.

Effect of Bonus Point on Attrition

[35.] The force Leader’s Leadership Bonus (if any) is subtracted from the Attrition die roll (see ¶138).

Effect of Bonus Point on Combat

[36.] The Attacking Player may add, subtract, or ignore his Leadership Bonus when rolling the die on the CRT if the Leader in question is the Force Leader of the attacking Force (see ¶170).

PREPARE FOR PLAY

[37.] Set-up units on the Organization Displays according to the Unit Manifests. The location of counters on the Organization Display is confidential and for the owning Player only—position the displays in the playing area with this in mind. Place the Combat Unit counters in the space on the Organization Display specified for them on the Unit Manifests. Δ Leaders and markers (e.g. bridge trains) are placed on the portrait of their Force Leader. Leaders with a map location code are now placed in the corresponding hex.

SEQUENCE OF PLAY

[38.] The game is played in sequenced turns called GameTurns. Each Game-Turn is composed of two Player-Turns. The “Phasing Player” is the Player whose Player-Turn is in progress. The Game-Turn Marker should begin the game on the Turn Record Track in the first space of the scenario to be played. A Game-Turn does not end until both Players have completed a Player-Turn as outlined by the sequence below. As a Game-Turn ends, advance the Game-Turn marker to the next space in the Game-Turn Track. This process continues until the last Game-Turn ends, or until one Player achieves a Victory Condition that ends the game sooner.

[39.] Δ The Coalition Player may have more than one army under his control. They share the same Player-Turn and move during the Coalition Movement Phase and Forced March Segment. The Coalition Player has a single undivided Combat Phase. The Forces of the different Armies may cooperate in combat. All activities must take place in the order outlined below. For instance, the Coalition Player may not make an attack during the French Player’s Movement Phase.

A. WEATHER DETERMINATION PHASE

[40.] The effect of weather upon Movement, Combat and Attrition will vary from game to game in this series. It is the first thing determined in each Game-Turn and it is always determined by a die rolled by the First Player. (See “Weather” in the Exclusive Rules.)

B. THE FIRST PLAYER-TURN

[41.] The First Player will be designated in the Scenario Information in the Exclusive Rules. Each Player-Turn is comprised of four Phases. The Enemy Player’s activities during the Friendly Player-Turn are restricted to Forced March (III.a), artillery fire (III.b.5), and counterattacking during a Pitched Battle (III.b.12).

I. COMMAND PHASE

a. Administrative Segment

[42.]

Receive Administrative Points. [Campaign Game only]
Designate a Supply Source.
Disband Friendly Center of Operations. [Campaign Game only]
Add Replacement Strength Points to the Replacement Pool. [Campaign Game only]

b. Organization Segment

[43.]

Transfer Strength Points from the Replacement Pool to units in the field that are eligible to receive these Replacement Points. [Campaign Game only]
Activate or deactivate Major Generals and March Divisions.
Transfer Combat Units between Leaders which occupy the same hex on the map.
Transfer Strength Points from one Combat Unit to another if both Combat Units occupy the same hex and are of the same Nationality and unit type (infantry points to infantry units, etc.). Any unit whose strength is reduced to zero by this process is permanently removed from the game.

II. MOVEMENT PHASE

a. Reinforcements

[44.] All reinforcements available to the Player this turn are placed on their indicated entry hex. Δ (Activate the Reinforcement Force either by Movement Command or by Initiative, during the appropriate Segment below.)

b. Movement Commands

[45.] The First Player may move any of his eligible Forces by indicating that they have received a Movement Command. There are a limited number of Movement Commands available to the Phasing Player. [See Exclusive Rules for explanation of how Movement Commands are received. In “Battle Scenarios,” the Scenario Information lists a number of Movement Commands per Player. This is a per-turn allocation.]

Activate the Force by expending one Movement Command.
Move the Force.
Check for attrition.

c. Initiative Movement

[46.] Any Force that did not move by Movement Command this turn may now attempt to move by means of the Force Leader’s Initiative (see ¶101). Each Force may only attempt to move by means of Initiative once in this phase.

Roll one die Δ (modified for Resistance—see Initiative Comparison Matrix). If the result is less than or equal to the Leader’s Initiative, activate the Force. The Force may expend 1 MP on certain results greater than the Leader’s Initiative (see ¶103)
If activated, move the Force.
Check for attrition.

d. Stationary Attrition

[47.] Forces that did not move in either a, b, or c above now check for attrition.

e. Consolidation

[48.] The Phasing Player now consolidates any hexes that have two or more Leaders on the map, so that only one Leader counter occupies each hex. Subordinate Leaders in the same hex as their Force Leader are moved to the Force Leader’s portrait on the Organization Display. If the Forces in the hex cannot be Consolidated in this manner then part of the resulting Insubordinate Stack should already have been Displaced (see ¶78). Δ Any Unemployed Leader's subordination rating can be disregarded (see ¶ 31)

f. Bridge Segment

[49.] The Phasing Player may repair and destroy bridges, deploy and undeploy pontoons.

III. COMBAT PHASE

a. Forced March

[50.] The Second Player may now attempt to move any or all of his Forces through the Initiative March procedure described in IIc. above. Movement Commands may not be used in this Segment. Forces attempting to move will suffer a modified Attrition die roll upon completion of movement. In this Segment they may enter enemy Zones of Control only if the hex entered is occupied by, or adjacent to, a Friendly unit in an enemy Zone of Control Δ (Exception: see ¶133). Only Forces that actually move in this Segment suffer Attrition which is determined the moment the Force ends its movement. (There are no Multi-Hex Forces during Forced March.)

b. Battle Resolution

[51.] The First Player is now obliged to attack all Forces of the Second Player that are in the ZOC of his Forces (Exception: terrain such as Primary river hexsides–see ¶122, 128 & 129).

The First Player designates his attacking Force.
The First Player designates which hex or hexes are to be attacked.
Both Players select a Battle marker (Pitched or Pursuit).
Determine the Cavalry differential.
The First Player resolves artillery fire. The Second Player resolves artillery fire.
Determine Combat odds and locate the appropriate column on the Combat Results Table.
The First Player rolls the die, taking into account any modifiers, and locates the result. The victor loses Strength Points equal to his resulting number on the CRT.
If the Pursuit marker was chosen by the losing side this Force must now retreat the resulting number of hexes; otherwise go to Step 11.
If there was a retreat in Step 8, the victor may now pursue the retreating Force causing one SP loss for each hex of Pursuit.
Adjust the Morale Marker now for any conditions that were achieved in the preceding battle situation.
If the losing side chose the Pitched marker, remove combat losses equal to the number result on the CRT. Combat then proceeds to the next step (Exception: see ¶167).
The Second Player designates his counter-attacking Force.
The Second Player designates the hexes to be attacked.

c. Joint Consolidation

[52.] Both Players now consolidate all Multi-Force hexes according to II.e, above.

IV. MORALE PHASE

[53.]

a. Adjust Morale for the Capture of Political Features still in the possession of the capturing Player at this point. b. Determine if the game ends in a Strategic Victory.

C. SECOND PLAYER-TURN

[54.] Phases I through IV are repeated in the same sequence as above, substituting the Second Player for the First Player and vice-versa. When this has been accomplished the Game-Turn ends. Move the Game-Turn marker to the next space on the track and begin the next Game-Turn. Each of the remaining rules sections follows the order and numbering presented in the Sequence of Play above.

I.a. LINES OF COMMUNICATION

[55.] A Line of Communication (or LOC) is a connected line Δ of primary or secondary road hexes free of enemy Forces, no more than 21 MPs in length. The LOC must run from the active Friendly Supply Source to a Friendly Depot. The Depot is termed “active” if it has an LOC. A LOC may include enemy ZOCs. [In the “Campaign” Game the LOC may be traced to a counter called the Center of Operations as well as to depots; see Exclusive Rules.]

[56.] Δ A Dispatch Distance is a line from an active Friendly Depot to individual Forces. A Dispatch Distance is a line of hexes free of enemy forces, no more than 12 MPs in length, that runs from the depot to individual forces and may traverse terrain of any type.

[57.] A Force without a Dispatch Distance as described above during the Command Phase must use the “zero” column on the Attrition Table and may not receive Replacements or Movement Commands.

I.a.1. SUPPLY SOURCES

The Supply Source Marker

[58.] There are several possible Supply Source hexes for each army printed on the map. The Supply Source marker designates which Supply Source is active at any given time for an army. This Supply Source marker may be shifted from one Supply Source to another during the Administrative Segment (I.a) of the Command Phase. The (1) on the marker indicates the active Supply Source’s garrison strength of one (see below). [For other rules governing the function of the Supply Source see Exclusive Rules ¶98-108].

Supply Source Garrison

[59.] All active Supply Sources are considered to have an intrinsic Garrison of one (1) SP. These Garrisons cannot be Repulsed. They may never be part of an attacking Force. They may only defend. The Supply Source Garrison negates enemy ZOCs in the supply source hex for all purposes. Reactivation of a Supply Source automatically reinstates this Garrison.

Capture of a Supply Source

[60.] The moment an active supply source is captured all Forces in that army are considered to have a broken Line of Communication. A Supply Source cannot be permanently eliminated. The captured Supply Source may be reactivated the turn following the removal of enemy Forces (see ¶33, “Changing the Active Supply Source,” in the Exclusive Rules).

I.a.4. REPLACEMENTS

[61.] Replacement Points are listed on the Game-Turn Track adjacent to the date when they become available (in some games there may be a Replacement Table with varied amounts determined by a die roll: this will be noted in the Exclusive Rules).They are listed according to their Nationality and unit type. Apply replacement points for cavalry to either regular or light cavalry; special Replacements such as Guard Infantry or cavalry may be given to line (i.e., regular) units, but line replacements may not be given to Guard. Line units that receive Guard Replacement SPs remain line units and the elite status of the replacement SPs is lost.

[62.] During a Friendly Command Phase, accumulated Replacements may be added directly to any units connected to a valid LOC. Alternatively, a Major General may be created at the Supply Source to take command of a March Division containing any Replacement Points accumulated there (see ¶65).

Accumulated Replacement Points

[63.] Replacement Points may be added to Combat Units in the field during a Friendly Organization Segment. Replacement Points are recorded on the Replacement Point Track. Each army has an Informational marker to record Infantry, Cavalry (and others if applicable). These markers will reflect the accumulated points and must be adjusted as points are added or removed from the pool.

I.b. THE ORGANIZATION DISPLAY

I.b.1. Adding Replacements to Combat Units

[64.] Replacements may be added to the strength of Combat Units during the Organization Segment. A unit that receives replacements may move during its next Movement Phase and Forced March Segment. A Force may not receive Replacements if in the ZOC of an enemy Force, or if lacking a valid Dispatch Distance. Replacements may be added only to units not already at their Maximum Strength. Eliminated Combat Units may not be rebuilt with Replacements; i.e., their “cadre” is considered destroyed.

March Divisions

[65.] A March Division may be created at the active Supply Source under the command of a Major General, out of Replacement Points which are deducted from the Replacement Point Track. Several counters are provided of necessary types. These are placed on the Major General’s Track on the Organization Display. March Divisions are considered Reinforcements for Movement Command purposes on their turn of activation. They are normal Combat Units.

[66.] March Divisions may also be created by deducting strength from units on the Organization Display. In this way they may serve as detachments. Create a March Division and place it on the map in the same hex as the combat unit donating the Strength Points.

[67.] Once committed to a March Division, Replacement Points may not be returned to the Replacement Pool. The SPs of a March Division may be incorporated into any unit of the same type and nationality, and in the same hex, during the Organization Segment. Once its strength is incorporated into another unit, the empty March Division counter is removed

from play and becomes available for re-use. You may disband a March Division in EZOC.

I.b.2. Major Generals

[68.] Major Generals are Leader counters which represent detached Combat Units operating independently on the game map. Major Generals may only be activated or voluntarily deactivated during the Friendly Command Phase. The number of Major Generals that may be activated is limited only by the number provided.

[69.] To activate a Major General place the Combat Unit counter(s) to be made an independent command on the Major General’s track on the Organization Display during the Organization Segment (I.b.3), making sure its new position reflects the current Strength Point value of the Combat Unit. Then place the Major General in the Subordinate Leader’s box of the Force Leader, or in the hex with the Force Leader, depending upon the role the Major General is to have in the coming Movement Phase.

[70.] Deactivation of a Major General may occur voluntarily by removing the Combat Unit counter from the Major General’s track on the Organization Display and placing it upon some other Leader’s track in the same hex during the Organization Segment (I.b.3), or, involuntarily, if the Combat Unit counter is ever reduced to zero strength

[71.] A Major General may also be created at the Supply Source in order to lead a March Division from Replacement Points (see ¶65).

[72.] Major Generals are treated just like other Leaders when on the game map or in a Subordinate Leader box. They have an Initiative Rating, a Command Span, and a Subordination Value. A Major General can never be an unemployed Leader.

I.b.3. Reorganizing Combat Units on the Organization Display

[73.] During the Friendly Organization Segment (only) a unit may be transferred to the track of another Leader in the same hex (see ¶43).

I.b.4. Strength Transfer

[74.] SPs from one Combat Unit may be transferred to another Combat Unit on the same Leader track, or on the track of a Subordinate Leader, as long as they are in the same hex (a Multi-Hex Force may not transfer SPs if the units doing so are not in the same hex). You may not increase the strength of a unit beyond its Maximum Strength.

[75.] March Divisions may be created by deducting strength from units on the Organization Display, and placing the March Division on the same track or any track of a leader in the same hex.

[76.] You may not transfer SPs among Combat Units of different unit types (vedette to regular cavalry, etc.).

THE FORCE

[77.] A Force consists of at least one Leader on the map and at least one Combat Unit on that Leader’s track on the Organization Display. More than one Leader may be in a Force but must be Subordinate to the Force Leader. The size of a Force is limited by the Command Span of the Force Leader. If more than one Leader is in a Force and the Leaders occupy the same hex, Combat Units may be transferred between the Leader’s tracks during the Command Phase (only; see ¶73).

Insubordinate Stacks

[78.] Where two or more Leaders are trying to occupy the same hex and there is no Leader present with a Command Span adequate to command all the others in a single Force, a

Force or Forces are displaced one hex at the moment in which their presence would create an Insubordinate Stack, according to the Priorities of Retreat (see Priority 3 in the RETREAT section of this Rulebook, ¶174).

[79.] If, by deactivating a Major General, a Leader would have a Command Span adequate to command, it is not considered an Insubordinate Stack Δ if the Major General is deactivated in the next Command Phase.

Multi-FORCE Hex

[80.] Two Forces may occupy the same hex under the following circumstances:

Two Forces are moved into the same hex for the purpose of combining them into a single Force. A situation may not be voluntarily sustained in which two Forces coexist in the same hex. A Force may not end its movement in a hex with another Force if neither Force contains a Leader that can become the Force Leader. (However, see #3 below.)
During the Command Phase, Subordinate Leaders may be removed from the Force Leader’s track on the Organization Display and placed on the game map. The instant these Leaders are on the game map they constitute new Forces and are no longer Subordinate to the Force Leader. In the subsequent Movement Phase one Force or the other must vacate the hex either through Movement Commands or the Initiative procedure (or if this fails, Displacement; see ¶78).
If an adjacent Leader can command both Forces.

Creation of a Force During Movement

[81.] A Force is defined during the Command Phase. Subordinate Leaders placed on the map during the Command Phase constitute separate Forces. (See “Multi-Force Hex” ¶80). No new Force Leaders may be placed on the map after the end of this Phase. Exception: Subordinate Leaders may be dropped off at any time during Movement, Forced March, or Pursuit, in any hex passed through by the Force Leader. This must be done, however, the instant the Force Leader passes through the hex. To do so simply remove the Subordinate Leader from the Organization Display and place on the map. This new Force may not continue moving and must remain in the drop-off hex for the rest of the Phase or Segment.

[82.] A Force must stop moving when any unit in that force runs out of MPs, unless it is dropped off. Thus a Force Leader can march with a mixed Force of Infantry and Cavalry, drop a Subordinate Leader off with the Infantry (if there already is a Subordinate Leader on the Force Leader’s track), and continue moving, or pursuing, with the Cavalry. A Force being dropped-off still suffers attrition with the rest of the Force, and the number of SPs is the number that started the movement with the Force Leader.

Creation of a Force During Combat

[83.] The Phasing Player (only) defines a Force at the instant of combat (III.b.1 of the Sequence of Play). Thus he could move several Forces adjacent to the enemy and reconstitute them as one Multi-Hex Force under a single Leader if that Leader has a Command Span capable of incorporating the others into one Force.

Multi-HEX Force

[84.] For purposes of Movement and Combat a Leader may command other Leaders in adjacent hexes. Any Leader may combine the Force in his hex with Forces in adjacent hexes as long as the Leader has the Command Span to Subordinate the other Leaders. The Forces remain adjacent and may move under the Force Leader’s Initiative, or at the expense of a single Movement Command, and they may attack together

(See “Movement of a Multi-Hex Force” ¶118; “Designate the Attacking Force” ¶151).

Removing Losses from Combat Units

[85.] Distribute losses in Strength Points suffered by a Force (by whatever cause) throughout the Combat Units in the Force so that, at the end of the last round of combat, all units have taken nearly the same losses as all the others, except for artillery units (see ¶184; note mud attrition ¶139), and the Old Guard (see ¶169).

II. MOVEMENT

GENERAL RULE:

[86.] Movement normally occurs during the Friendly Movement Phase and the Forced March Segment of the Enemy Player-Turn. Forces move one at a time, from hex to contiguous hex in any direction or combination of directions. A Force may move no farther than its slowest unit, taking into account the differing costs of terrain.

[87.] Not every Force need move. Movement is optional and restricted by Movement Commands and Leader Initiative. All, some, or none of the Phasing Army’s Forces may move subject to Movement Commands and Leader Initiative. Unused Movement Points may not be saved from turn to turn or given to other Forces; they are lost. The farther a Force moves the greater the potential Attrition.

[88.] An Army’s Forces may only move during that Army’s Movement Phase or the Forced March Segment of the opposing Army’s Combat Phase. (Exceptions: A Force may move at two other times in the Sequence of Play. 1. When Repulsed during the Movement or the Forced March Phase. 2. When pursuing or retreating as a result of Combat). Once a Force has moved and rolled for Attrition, it may not move again that Phase, nor may it change its move.

PROCEDURE:

[89.] Forces in an enemy ZOC and Forces without a viable connection to a LOC may not be given a Movement Command. After all Movement Commands have been given, the remaining Forces may attempt moving by Initiative. Whether moving by Movement Command or through successful Initiative roll, all movement follows a three-step procedure. Step 1: Activation. Either expend one Movement Command or roll for Initiative (modified for Resistance if in an Enemy ZOC–see “Exiting Enemy Zones of Control,” ¶105, 106) to activate the selected Force. Step 2: Movement. Expend Movement Points to cross hexsides and to enter hexes. Step 3: Attrition. Roll for Attrition (losses due to illness, straggling, and desertion) and remove Strength Points.

[90.] Repeat Steps 1 through 3 for each moving Force. At the end of the Movement Phase, the Phasing Player also executes Step 3 alone for non-moving Forces. Further details on these procedures are provided in the following sections.

STEP 1

II.a. REINFORCEMENTS

[91.] Reinforcements are Leaders and Combat Units which do not begin the game on the map. Unless otherwise stated, Reinforcements arrive at their maximum strength. Reinforcements enter at the hex indicated for them, arriving on the Turn indicated during the Movement Phase.

[92.] Reinforcements calculate Attrition as any other force tracing Dispatch Distance either from their Center of Operations or the nearest Friendly Supply Source or depot.

[93.] Reinforcements pay the Movement Point cost for the first hex entered on the map. If that hex has a road leading off the map the Force pays the road cost for the hex entered. If two Forces enter as Reinforcements at the same hex in the same Turn, the second Force to enter (Phasing Player’s option) is considered to have paid one (if on a Primary road) or two full Movement Points after reaching the first hex of the map.

Delaying Reinforcements

[94.] If the entry hex is blocked or in the ZOC of an enemy Force the Phasing Player may delay the turn of arrival of the Reinforcement until the control of the hex or the blocking Force has been removed.

[95.] A Player may delay the entry of his Reinforcements indefinitely, even if a designated entry hex is free of enemy occupation or control.

[96.] On subsequent Game-Turns the Reinforcement may enter at any hex adjacent to the original entry hex but at the full cost of the terrain. (Reinforcements that enter the map into an enemy controlled hex may be Forced to retreat off the map in a subsequent battle.) An entering Force may use Repulse for the first hex entered (see ¶130). (A failure to Repulse will eliminate the Reinforcement.) A Force may not conduct combat, however, if it is not on the map.

II.b. MOVEMENT COMMANDS

[97.] Movement Commands are available to each side during the Command Phase. (See “Scenario Information” for their availability).

[98.] Any Force issued a Movement Command is guaranteed to move during the Movement Phase (II.b., of the Sequence of Play). To receive a Movement Command a Force must have a valid Dispatch Distance and may not be in the ZOC of an enemy Force.

Activation by Movement Command

[99.] The moving Player announces that a Force is receiving a Movement Command and immediately moves the Force. A Force given a Movement Command may not attempt to move again through Initiative in the following Segment (II.c. of the Sequence of Play). One Movement Command is issued to one Force regardless of its SPs, or Subordinate Leaders, or length of March, or its being a Multi-Hex Force. Extended March [Campaign Game only]

[100.] Δ Extended March allows a force to exceed its maximum Movement Allowance at the price of an attrition modifier (see Exclusive Rules ¶133). (Extended March cannot be used in the Battle Scenarios.)

II.c. INITIATIVE

[101.] The Initiative Rating is the number to the left on the Leader counter and on the Leader’s track on the Organization Display. During the Movement Phase (or the Forced March Segment of the Enemy Combat Phase, see ¶143), a Force may move under the Initiative of its Leader. To move in this fashion does not involve the expenditure of Movement Commands.

Activation by Initiative

[102.] For each Force, the Player rolls the die. If the modified result is less than or equal to the Force Leader’s Initiative Rating, the Force may move. If the die roll exactly equals the Force Leader’s Initiative Rating, subtract 1 MP from the maximum Movement Allowance of that force for the current march.

[103.] If the die roll exceeds the Initiative Rating by one or two, the Force can still expend one MP. If the next hex costs more than one MP, the Force will not be able to move.

[104.] If the die roll exceeds the Initiative Rating by more than two, the force may not move during the current Segment or Phase. Example: If attempting to move an infantry Force Leader with an Initiative Rating of 3, and a “one” or “two” results, the Force may expend 4 Movement Points; if a “three” is the result, the Force may expend 3 Movement Points in that march; if a “four” or “five” results, the Force may expend only one MP; if a “six,” the Force may not move at all in that segment or phase. Exception: Leaders with an Initiative Rating of one Δ may expend their units’ full movement allowance on a die roll of “one.”.

Initiative and Exiting Enemy ZOCs

[105.] Whenever a Leader wishes to exit an enemy ZOC he must attempt this through Initiative. A Movement Command may not be issued to him. This Initiative die roll may be modified by the Initiative of the enemy Leader (also by Cavalry Differential,see ¶127).

[106.] This Initiative die roll modifier is called the Resistance Modifier. It is obtained by comparing the enemy Leader’s Initiative to the moving (active) Leader’s Initiative on the Initiative Comparison Matrix (see Charts & Tables). The resulting number is added to the die roll result. See ¶102. Example: An infantry Force Leader with an Initiative Rating of “2” wishes to exit the ZOC of an enemy Leader whose Initiative Rating is “3”. The active “2” is compared to the passive “3” on the Initiative Comparison Matrix and a Resistance Modifier of “+1” is shown. This “1” is then added to the Initiative die roll for the active Leader. If he rolls a “1” the modified result is “two,” which equals the Initiative Rating–the Force may expend no more than three Movement Points in total–including the half MP it costs to exit the ZOC.

[107.] If the active Leader is in the ZOC of more than one enemy Leader, the highest enemy Initiative Rating is used to determine the Resistance Modifier. If Enemy Leaders are stacked together use the Force Leader’s Initiative.

Limit to Initiative Die Rolls

[108.] A Player may roll once for each Force he wishes to move through Initiative during the Movement Phase, and once for each Force he wishes to move during the Forced March Segment of the Combat Phase.

STEP 2

MOVEMENT ALLOWANCE

[109.] Once it has been determined whether a given Force may move, that Force is immediately moved. A Force may continue to move until any unit in the Force uses its last Movement Point. The full Movement Allowance may be expended in both the Movement Phase and the Forced March Segment of the Combat Phase (Exception: see “Activation by Initiative,” ¶102). A Force may never enter a hex unless every Combat Unit in the Force has sufficient Movement Points to cross the hexside and pay for the terrain in the hex.

Expending Movement Points

[110.] A Force expends Movement Points in order to move from hex to hex. Terrain feature costs differ according to the unit type entering the hex. For instance, infantry find it easier than cavalry to negotiate a wooded area and, therefore, the MP cost for infantry entering woods is less than that of cavalry. If a mixed Force enters a hex where the terrain costs vary for the

different unit types in the Force, a mental note must be made of the different amount of MPs expended.

TERRAIN AND MOVEMENT

[111.] There are two categories of terrain types: those which apply to the area inside a hex and those which apply to the hexside shared by two hexes. The basic Movement Point cost for entering a Clear Terrain hex is one (1) MP. The MP cost to enter non-clear terrain and/or cross non-clear hexsides varies as shown on the Terrain Effects Chart. For purposes of Movement, Terrain costs are cumulative.

Roads

[112.] Marching from one road hex to another contiguous road hex (of the same road) enables a Force to pay the road cost for the type of road (primary or secondary) instead of the terrain cost for the hex. Example: Marching along a primary road in Clear Terrain costs one-half (1/2) MP for each hex entered. A Force with 4 MPs could thus march 8 hexes on the same road.

Rivers

[113.] A Force may cross a Primary River hexside only at bridges (see Terrain Effects Chart). If crossing via bridge, the cost to enter the hex on the other side of the river would be the same as for that type of road [plus hexside cost for the bridge, if any].

[114.] Secondary River hexsides may be crossed at the additional MP cost noted on the Terrain Effects Chart, or by a bridge as over Primary Rivers.

Fortified Towns Δ and Citadels

[115.] A limited number of Strength Points may receive the benefit of a Fortified Town or Citadel hex (see Exclusive Rules).

Map Edge

[116.] A Force may not move off the map Δ unless otherwise specified in the Exclusive Rules.

Entering Occupied Hexes

[117.] A Force may never enter a hex occupied by an enemy Force (see “Repulse” ¶130, and “Unemployed Leaders” ¶30). A Force may pass through any Friendly Force during Movement.

MOVEMENT OF A MULTI-HEX FORCE

[118.] Leaders in different hexes which begin their move as part of a single Force must:

begin the move adjacent to the Force Leader; and 2) end their movement in the hex with, or adjacent to, the Force Leader. During the course of their march it is not necessary to remain adjacent to the Force Leader. The MP expenditure of the Force Leader (tallied for both infantry and cavalry) in a Multi-Hex Force applies to all hexes of the Force. Subordinate Leaders may be dropped off along the path of march in the same manner as for a single hex Force (and are counted for Attrition purposes in the same manner).

[119.] Δ A Subordinate Leader in a Multi-Hex Force may move into an enemy ZOC while the Force Leader remains outside the ZOC, but the Force Leader must still be adjacent to the Subordinate Leader. The Force Leader’s combat units would not be able to participate in the ensuing battle, however (the Force Leader would remain the Force Leader).

[120.] A Multi-Hex Force can be moved by the expenditure of a single Movement Command, or through the Initiative of the Force Leader. Once the Initiative die roll result is obtained for the Force Leader, no Subordinate Leader in that Force may attempt Initiative movement on his own.

ZONES OF CONTROL

GENERAL RULE:

[121.] The Zone of Control is the hex occupied by a Force and each of the six hexes immediately surrounding it, along their common hexside. All Forces exert such a Zone of Control (ZOC) at all times. Δ Unemployed leaders have no ZOCs (see ¶30). If an opposing Force enters the ZOC of a force, both forces are equally and mutually affected by each other’s ZOC.

Mandatory Attack

[122.] Any Force in an enemy ZOC at the beginning of the Friendly Battle Resolution Segment of the Combat Phase must attack the enemy Force, unless some other Friendly Force attacks it (Exception: see ¶128).

Entering ZOCs Δ

[123.] Zones of Control in 2X are “inactive,” merely slowing-down opposing forces. To enter an EZOC costs onehalf (1/2) MP per hex in addition to the cost of terrain. A Force can enter an EZOC and then exit that hex immediately without an Initiative Die Roll, and may move from one EZOC to another (Exception: see ¶125).

Exiting EZOCs Δ

[124.] To exit an enemy ZOC also costs one-half (1/2) Movement Point. (Exception: All-cavalry forces and vedettes do not have to pay the extra 1/2 MP to exit.)

[125.] ZOC Bonds Two or more real forces exerting control from different hexes upon the same hex create a ZOC Bond in that hex. Upon entering a ZOC Bond, a force must stop moving for that phase. (A ZOC Bond that depends upon a vedette is ignored—see Exclusive Rules ¶77.)

[126.] A Force in an EZOC at the beginning of the Movement Phase or Forced March Segment may attempt to move out, but may only move by Initiative (it may not receive a Movement Command). The Initiative Rating of the Force Leader is modified by the Resistance Modifier (see ¶106) and the Cavalry Differential. Δ A Force that starts a phase in a ZOC Bond may commence moving with a Repulse (see ¶133). A force that did not start its movement in an EZOC does not have to roll for Initiative to exit an EZOC.

Cavalry Differential

[127.] Count the amount of cavalry present, Δ including only the cavalry in your attacking or defending Force that is not in swamp, woods, or hill terrain.

Determine cavalry superiority (which side has the most); cavalry strength may not be withheld.
Δ Subtract the weaker side’s cavalry strength total by the stronger side‘s total.
If the differential is 2:1, the modifier equals plus or minus “1.” If the other side has no cavalry, one (1) SP of cavalry is sufficient to get the modifier.
If Pursuing, or exiting an EZOC (see ¶126), add (or subtract) the cavalry differential to the leader Resistance Modifier and apply this combined modifier to the Die Roll. Example: if the Pursuit Force Leader is a 4 and the Retreating force leader is a 2, the modifier is zero. But if the Pursuit Force has one SP of cavalry and the retreating force has two SPs, the modifier is +1.
Δ If exiting an EZOC, Initiative cannot be better with combined Cavalry Differential and Resistance Modifiers than it would have been if the Force were not adjacent to the enemy.
Cavalry need not suffer any Strength Point loss in the combat to contribute to the Resistance Modifier.

Terrain Influence on ZOCs

[128.] A ZOC extends out of but not into a Fortified Town hex. Combat and counterattack are not mandatory for a Force inside a Fortified Town regardless of the size of the enemy Force that may be adjacent to it and in its ZOC, even if the force selected Pitched Battle. Combat is mandatory for Forces in the ZOC of an enemy-occupied Fortified Town, Δ unless it is masked (see Exclusive Rules ¶54 and ¶56).

[129.] A ZOC does not extend across a non-bridged Primary River hexside.

REPULSE

GENERAL RULE:

[130.] During the Movement Phase, Pursuit, or Forced March Segment, a Force may attempt to repulse an enemy force in its path. To do this requires odds of at least five-toone. A Force in a Citadel, Fortified Town, or on the opposite side of a bridged Primary River hexside may not be repulsed.

PROCEDURE:

[131.] The Force moves into the ZOC of the Force to be repulsed. The owning Player declares “attempting repulse,” stating the number of Strength Points in his Force Δ (the enemy player does not reveal his strength unless the Repulse is successful). Both players reveal their leaders. If the repulsing force’s strength is five or more times the strength of the enemy Force, the latter simply retreats one hex. This retreat is carried out under the same restrictions as a retreat after combat in a Pursuit battle except that there is no Pursuit. If the repulse was successful the Phasing Force may continue its movement.

[132.] If the repulse attempt made during the Movement Phase is not successful (the odds being less than five-to-one) then that Force ceases Movement. The exact strength of the Enemy Force is not yet revealed. In the Battle Resolution Segment the Repulsing Player must attack the Force unsuccessfully repulsed. The attacker must choose a Pursuit battle during the first round. The combat is resolved at two columns to the left of the actual odds on the Combat Results Table (a four-to-one attack becoming a two-to-one attack, etc.). If the repulse attempt takes place during Pursuit and is unsuccessful, the Force ceases Movement and there is no subsequent attack. In a failed Repulse during the Forced March Phase the force in motion loses one SP, gets no specific information about the enemy and its Force March ends immediately. The attempting force must stop moving, remaining adjacent to the enemy. There will be no follow-on combat with this force.

[133.] Repulse during regular Movement or Pursuit does not require the expenditure of Movement Points on the part of either the Phasing or non-Phasing Force (other than the cost to enter the hex vacated by the repulsed Force). Δ During a Forced March, the Repulsing Force must pay one additional MP to make the Repulse attempt. Repulse during Forced March does not require the presence of another friendly unit (see ¶143).The force may enter an EZOC even if it isn’t occupied by, or adjacent to, a friendly unit in an enemy ZOC, if a Repulse attempt is declared at that moment. (This is an exception to ¶50.)

Single Hex Repulse

[134.] A Repulse attempt must be made upon only one hex at a time.

Repeated Repulse

[135.] The number of successful repulse attempts a Force may initiate is limited only by the number of Movement Points the Force has available to it. (It can attempt another repulse if the need arises during its move). There is no limit to the number of times a Force may be repulsed in a single Movement Phase.

STEP 3

MARCH ATTRITION

GENERAL RULE:

[136.] During the Movement Phase, all Forces currently in play are subject to attrition (regardless of whether the Force actually moves). During the Forced March Segment of the Combat Phase, only those Forces which actually expend at least one-half MP are subject to Attrition.

PROCEDURE:

[137.] After a Force completes its move and before any other Force begins moving, the attrition for that move must be determined. Attrition is determined separately for each Force, and is based upon its status at the beginning of its movement. The Phasing Player must locate the Length of March on the March Attrition Table, beneath the heading for the appropriate army. Use the highest amount expended by any single unit type. After rolling the die and taking into account any modifiers(see below), cross-reference the die roll with the size of Force (the total number of Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery Strength Points in the Force). The result is the number of Strength Points lost by the Force. Adjust the Combat Unit counters of the Force on the Organization Display to reflect this loss. Attrition losses must be distributed as evenly as possible among the several Combat Units of a Force. A Force that started its movement without a Dispatch Distance must locate its force strength on the “zero” or “No LOC” column (the table will vary in each game).

Modifiers of the Attrition Die Roll

[138.]

If the Force Leader has a star indicating a Bonus Point, reduce the die roll by one.
Certain conditions of weather (see the Weather Table).
If the Force is Force Marching. (Add up to four to the die roll.)
Modify the die roll to reflect the current morale (see Exclusive Rules ¶149).
Whenever the Exclusive Rules indicate another modifier.

Artillery

[139.] During mud, one artillery unit in a force must take the first SP of loss due to attrition. Exemption: the total artillery strength of the Force is two or less.

French Old Guard Exemption

[140.] Certain types of Combat Units never suffer attrition: Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery of the French Old Guard, or French Young Guard Infantry that is commanded by the same Leader as any unit of the French Old Guard. These units do not count against the total number of Strength Points when figuring the attrition of a Force that might also include regular line units of the French Army. For instance, a Force of eighteen SPs containing three Old Guard SPs and four Young Guard SPs would only have to figure the attrition for a total of eleven SPs.

II.e. STACKING AND CONSOLIDATION

[141.] A maximum of 48 Strength Points may occupy a hex at the end of a Phase or Segment. There is no limit to the number of Friendly Forces that may pass through a single hex during either the Movement Phase or the Forced March Segment of the Combat Phase. (See ¶115, “Fortified Towns.”) Leaders in the same hex that are part of the same Force must be moved onto the Force Leader’s portrait on the Organization Display during the Consolidation Segment of either the Movement Phase or the Combat Phase. (See also ¶80 “Multi-Force Hex” and ¶78 “Insubordinate Stacks.”) Consolidation can be performed at any time, and not just at the two Consolidation Segments.

Bridging Segment

[142.] If costs two MPs to deploy a bridge train and one MP to undeploy it (see Exclusive Rules). Announce your intention to build the bridge during movement. Construction is considered to be finished by the time of the bridge segment. (Since the MPs expended merely represent the time the troops have to spend waiting for the bridge to be completed, and not distance covered, they do not count toward attrition.)

III. COMBAT PHASE

III.a. FORCED MARCH

[143.] Forced March is Friendly Initiative movement during an enemy Player-Turn (see ¶137 number 3). A Force performing a Forced March may only enter an EZOC Δ if the hex entered is occupied by, or adjacent to, a Friendly unit in an enemy Zone of Control —unless performing a Repulse attempt (see ¶133). Units may expend their entire Movement Allowance in Forced March. (Exception: see “Activation by Initiative,” ¶102).

III.b. COMBAT

[144.] Opposing Forces in each other’s ZOC must attack and defend using the following procedures. To begin, Players secretly choose which type of battle they wish to fight: 1) In a Pursuit Battle the Player attempts to trade space for time; 2) In a Pitched Battle the Players are willing to trade losses rather than retreat, prolonging the battle with several rounds of attack and counterattack.

[145.] All adjacent enemy Forces must be attacked if the friendly Force is in an enemy Zone of Control (see “Terrain Influence on ZOCs” ¶128, 129). See also Exclusive Rules. Δ Only adjacent enemy hexes may be attacked.

PROCEDURE:

[146.] The following procedure is executed for each Force in an Enemy ZOC during the Battle Resolution Segment of the Combat Phase. Further explanation of each step immediately follows the procedure (see ¶148). Step 1: Designate the attacking Force. The Phasing Player reveals all the Leaders of the Force making the attack. Step 2: Designate the defending hex(es). The Non-Phasing Player reveals the leaders in the defending hex(es). Step 3: Battle Type. a) Reveal approximate SPs in the attacking and defending Forces rounded off to the nearest five (5). For instance, if a Force has 14 SPs, inform the opposing Player that there are 15 SPs against him (one or two SPs would still be revealed as five). b) Both Players select battle type (Pitched or Pursuit) —conceal this choice with a blank marker.

Step 4: Cavalry Differential. Compare the actual amount of cavalry in both the attacking and defending Forces. If either Force has a two-to-one or greater advantage then subtract one (1) from their Bombardment die roll (see ¶127). Step 5: Artillery Bombardment. Both Players determine the amount of Artillery SPs in their Forces. The attacker resolves his fire first, then the defender fires. Note that the Artillery Fire Table is based solely upon the number of Artillery SPs firing, and is not based on an odds ratio. Each Player rolls one die; the result is given in Enemy SPs lost. Apply the results immediately. Step 6: Odds Determination on the CRT. Determine the odds by revealing the exact number of SPs in each Force (Fractions in combat strength are not rounded off) and applying the effects of Terrain on the SPs. Artillery SPs are not included in this final odds determination unless defending alone (see ¶162). Step 7: Attack Resolution. If there are French Old Guard involved in the attack the French Player announces if they are “staked” this round (see ¶167). Roll the die. The bold face result on the CRT odds column indicates which side loses. The winning side removes losses in SPs. The losing side reveals its Battle Marker. If the losing side chose Pitched Battle, go to Step 11. Step 8: Retreat. If the Losing side chose Pursuit Battle, then the result specifies only the length of retreat for that side. Execute retreat according to the rules governing Paths and Priority of Retreat. If the losing side chose Pitched Battle, go to Step 11. Step 9: Pursuit. If the winning Force wishes to Pursue the losing Force, determine the Resistance Modifier, then consult the Pursuit Table. The Pursuit die roll may be modified by the Resistance modifier, the Weather, Cavalry and French Guard Modifiers, plus the number of Pitched rounds revealed by the winning Force. The result of the die roll is the number of hexes the winning Force may Pursue. If there is a Pursuit, decrease the strength of the Pursued Force by one SP for each hex of actual Pursuit. Only one Force may Pursue. The losing side always loses at least as many SPs as the winning side regardless of Pursuit. Step 10: Adjust Morale. Shift the morale marker one space in favor of the victor for each occurrence (see ¶193): a) the battle is a Critical Battle; b) a Major Personality was captured; c) the French Imperial Guard has been “staked” and defeated. Proceed to the next battle. Step 11: Pitched losses. If the losing Force revealed Pitched Battle in Step 7 above, then the result obtained in Step 7 shows the SPs lost. Steps 12-19: Counterattack. In the event the losing side revealed Pitched Battle in Step 8 above, the non-Phasing Player becomes the attacker and executes the following steps–the old Battle Informational markers remain in effect until the end of one complete round–attack and counterattack. Step 12: Designate the attacking Force. Step 13: Designate the defending hex(es). The counter-attack does not have to involve all adjacent Forces, Δ but must include the strongest adjacent enemy hex. Step 14: Odds Determination on the CRT. Step 15: Attack Resolution. Step 16: Retreat.

Step 17: Pursuit. Step 18: Adjust Morale. Step 19: Pitched Losses In the event that the losing side again reveals Pitched Battle, Steps 1 through 11 are repeated in their entirety for the reattack of the Phasing Player.

[147.] Forces may be freely re-defined between rounds, and the original attackers may be required to attack different defenders if the units that originally attacked those forces are no longer present. NOTE: If there are any other battles within 5 hexes, the first round of each battle must be resolved before any battle proceeds to round two.

DESIGNATE THE ATTACKING FORCE

(Step 1 and 12)

[148.] No Force may participate in more than one attack per Phase. Exceptions: (1) If the enemy Force is eliminated in the first round, the Friendly Force may join in any other adjacent Pitched Battle in its second Round. (2) Failed repulse during pursuit.

[149.] No Force may be attacked more than once per Phase (both rounds of a Pitched Battle are considered one attack).

[150.] Combat is mandatory between adjacent opposing forces. (Exceptions: Δ Forces across Primary Bridges and in Masked Forts.) The Phasing Player decides where his Forces will attack as long as separate Forces never attack the same hex, and as long as all adjacent opposing Forces whose ZOC he has entered are attacked. However, non-phasing counterattacking Forces need only attack the strongest adjacent hex of the initial attack.

[151.] A single combat may involve attacking and/or defending Leaders in any number of hexes as long as the attacking Leaders are all part of the same Force. To be resolved as a single combat the attacking Force must be adjacent to all of the defending hexes.

[152.] The Phasing Player may have more than one Force in the ZOC of a defending hex or hexes, but only one Force may attack this same defending hex.

DESIGNATE THE DEFENDING HEXES

(Step 2 and 13)

[153.] The Phasing Player states which hex(es) the Force will attack. Enemy Leaders (and their Combat Units) stacked in a hex always defend together. Several Leaders together in a hex may never be attacked separately.

[154.] Only one defending Force may counterattack the same attacking Force.

SELECT BATTLE TYPE (Step 3 only)

Restrictions on Battle Type (3b)

[155.] The attacker may never choose Pitched Battle if attacking across a bridged Primary River Hexside. A Force Leader with an Initiative Rating of two (2) or less may only reveal the Pitched marker one time per battle. A Force Leader with an Initiative Rating greater than two may reveal Pitched twice for any given battle. Thus, the maximum number of Rounds possible is four (see ¶203). The choice of the Battle marker is only revealed the first time in a round that a Player loses a combat. A Leader losing both the attack and counterattack in the same round will reveal only once, while a Leader winning both does not reveal at all. EXAMPLE: Barclay, Hessen and Wittgenstein command separate forces but all are

engaged by Napoleon (the attacker). Since there is no single Coalition force, use the best Initiative (Barclay’s).

Towns and Cities

[156.] Forces in Towns and Cities may always choose the Pitched marker regardless of the Force Leader’s Initiative. The Battle ends after 2 Rounds of combat.

CAVALRY DIFFERENTIAL (Step 4 only)

[157.] A Cavalry advantage of two-to-one or greater (see ¶146, Step 4) will subtract one from the Bombardment die roll on the Artillery Fire Table. The cavalry must be part of the same Force as the Bombarding Artillery. The bombarding Force must have at least two SPs of cavalry to receive this benefit. Cavalry superiority means nothing during combat if your Force has no artillery. [It may, however, modify the Initiative Comparison Matrix result–see Exclusive Rules.]

ARTILLERY BOMBARDMENT

(Step 5 only)

[158.] This step is executed by each Player for each round of Battle. The effect of Artillery is to eliminate SPs before the calculation of combat odds. Cavalry differential may affect the Artillery die roll. Artillery Units never suffer losses from Artillery bombardment unless there is no other unit type in the target hex. If a force is reduced to zero SPs after artillery Bombardment, the battle is over; there is no pursuit. Certain terrain features may prevent artillery bombardment (see “Woods Effect on Combat” in the Exclusive Rules).

Withholding (Step 13) Δ

[159.] The counter-attack does not have to involve all adjacent Forces, but must include the strongest adjacent hex. When counter-attacking a single hex in a multi-hex force, the counter-attacker must withhold half as many SPs as are present in the unattacked hex(es) of the enemy Force involved. These SPs are not required to attack, they are just withheld. Withheld SP's from a counterattacking force suffer losses with the counterattacking portion.

EXAMPLE: Δ

Defending hex, strength 5, is about to counterattack, facing two attacking hexes of strength 10 and 12 respectively. The 5 SP force would like to counterattack only the stronger hex. It must withhold at least (10/2=) 5 SPs, i.e., its entire strength. In this situation it is obliged to attack both hexes at 5:22 (1:5) odds.

ODDS DETERMINATION ON THE CRT

(Step 6 and 14)

[160.] An SP comparison is expressed as a ratio between the modified attacking and defending SP totals (the attacker’s strength divided by the defender’s strength) and is rounded down to one of the odds ratios shown on the Combat Results Table (CRT). Example: Thirteen SPs attacking five SPs would be 2.6 to 1. Rounding this down in favor of the defender would simplify the ratio to a 2 to 1 on the CRT. You may never voluntarily reduce combat odds.

[161.] The same CRT is used for Pitched and Pursuit battles. Odds less than 1 to 5 add one to the die roll for each ratio less than 1 to 5. At odds greater than 6 to 1 subtract one from the die roll for each ratio greater than 6 to 1. No die roll result, however, can be greater than 6 or less than zero.

Artillery SPs and Combat Odds

[162.] Artillery is never included when determining the actual combat odds unless the defending Force is composed completely of Artillery SPs; it may then bombard as an artillery Force but must defend as one SP of infantry. It may never Pursue. It may never enter an enemy ZOC unless part of a mixed Force, with cavalry and/or infantry. Artillery does not take losses from Pitched Battle unless defending alone in a hex.

Affecting Terrain

[163.] Some types of terrain affect the Combat odds column on the CRT. This terrain is known as Affecting Terrain. When attacking into an Affecting Terrain hex, or across any type of river hexside, the Combat odds are located on the Affecting Terrain line at the top of the Combat Results Table.

[164.] If a Force attacks two or more hexes at once, and at least one of defending hexes is Affecting Terrain, then the attack must be made as if all the defenders were in Affecting Terrain.

[165.] The Terrain Effects Chart states which terrain affects Combat. In general, the following is considered Affecting: Units defending across Bridged Primary River or Secondary River hexsides; all City, Primary Town, and Fortified Town hexes; all Hill hexes.

Other Terrain Effects

[166.] Other types of terrain affect Combat in the manner described on the Terrain Effects Chart. For purposes of combat, terrain strength multipliers are not cumulative. The defender chooses which terrain effect will apply, as shown on the Terrain Effects Chart.

ATTACK RESOLUTION (Step 7 and 15)

Staking the Old Guard

[167.] The Combat Strength of the Old Guard may always be included in an attacking Force without special considerations. However, the French Player may “stake” the Guard, which means that he is staking the outcome of the attack on the reputation of the Old Guard, by featuring the Old Guard troops prominently in his attacking Force.

[168.] During any combat round the French Player may state that he is “staking the Old Guard,” as long as one point of Old Guard Infantry is in the attacking Force. Staking the Old Guard will modify the French attacking, or counterattacking, die roll by minus one (-1) in addition to other modifiers.

[169.] The Old Guard must take the first SP of combat loss. Δ A Pitched Battle when the Guard is Staked is resolved as a Pursuit Battle and there is no progression into subsequent rounds for that combat.

Leadership Bonus Δ

[170.] The decision to add, subtract, or ignore this bonus need not be made until seeing the actual die roll for the combat. Although this bonus may not be used for defense, it may be added to, or subtracted from, attack and counterattack (see ¶34, 36).

Removing Losses from the Organization Display

[171.] Distribute losses in Strength Points suffered by a Force (by whatever cause) throughout the Combat Units in the Force as evenly as possible (Exception: ¶169 “Staking the Old Guard.”). The winning side is never required to lose more SPs than the losing side in a given Combat round (or Pursuit) if the losing side does not have sufficient SPs to account for its own losses and is eliminated.

RETREAT (Step 8 and 16)

[172.] When a combat result requires the Retreat of a Force, it must move the full number of hexes given. Note: Results are given in terms of hexes, not MPs. Count each hex as “one.”

[173.] The Path of Retreat is the path of hexes passed through by a Retreating Force. This path must conform to the Priorities of Retreat. Retreating Forces may not enter Prohibited Terrain or enemy occupied hexes. If the Path of Retreat is blocked by Prohibited Terrain or Enemy Forces, preventing the loser from retreating the full distance, the Retreating Force retreats as far as possible; if the enemy Pursuit is sufficient to carry them into the final hex of the Retreating Force, the entire Retreating Force is eliminated. Retreating Forces may not attempt Repulse during their retreat move.

Priorities of Retreat

[174.] The following retreat path priorities are given in descending order. This list governs all retreats due to Combat and Repulse. “Descending Priority” means that the lowernumbered items should be observed first, and never broken to accommodate higher numbered items. Generally, after observing all of the following priorities, there will be only a few possible retreat destinations.

The Retreating Force must retreat the total number of hexes called for. It must end its movement this same number of hexes away from the hex in which it began its retreat.
Δ The Force may not retreat into or through the same hex during any part of the retreat. No hex of the Path of Retreat may be adjacent to more than one hex already passed through by the retreating Force.
The path should not be through Friendly Forces. If this is not possible then the retreating Force will displace the Friendly Force with the smallest SP value (if there is more than one Force which could be displaced). The Displaced Force is moved one hex according to the Priorities of Retreat, and the Retreating Force now moves into the vacated hex. If Displacement is not possible because of blocking (prohibited) terrain, it may not take place. Displaced units may displace other Friendly Forces in a kind of chain reaction. Displacement may ruin subsequent attacks in that Combat Phase (the Phasing Player should keep this in mind when resolving his attacks). If the Retreating Force must Displace the Displaced Force again or another Friendly Force for its next hex of retreat, the process is repeated. Retreat and Displacement are carried out hex by hex.
This path may include hexes adjacent to the enemy. There is no penalty for retreating into hexes adjacent to the enemy. Δ Losses are not doubled when retreating in an EZOC (because of the 2X scale).
Retreats must be made towards the active Friendly Supply Source, and must shorten the distance between the Retreating Force and the Friendly Supply Source as much as possible.
Although retreat is given in terms of hexes, if two or more paths are open to the Retreating Force, then it must move on the one that would cost the least MPs during normal movement.

Retreat of a Multi-Hex Force

[175.] Leaders in the same hex always retreat together. Subordinate Leaders may not be dropped off in the Path of Retreat. The various Leaders in a Multi-Hex Force may not retreat in different directions; they must end their retreat adjacent. The path taken by a retreating Multi-Hex Force is that of the Force Leader; Subordinate Leader paths are not important; Pursuit will follow that of the Force leader. Retreat

of a Multi-Hex Force is similar to Movement of a Multi-Hex Force in that all the Leaders begin and end their retreat adjacent.

Retreat Off the Map

[176.] A Force may retreat off the map if there is no other alternative Path of Retreat and a Pursuing Force may Pursue up to the last map edge hex. Forces that retreat off the enemy side of the map are removed from the game as if captured (eliminated). Forces eliminated in such a manner do count towards a Critical Battle (see ¶193 and Exclusive Rule 68.)

Retreat into Fortified Towns

[177.] Forces may end their retreat in a Friendly-occupied Fortified Town or Friendly Supply Source without displacing their Garrisons, Δ as long as the stacking limit is not violated. They may do this regardless of the remaining retreat distance, but if their stopping would violate the stacking limit, they must continue their retreat. Pursuing Forces may not Pursue into hexes with enemy Garrisons (see ¶192).

Unengaged Adjacent Forces

[178.] If the Attacker has additional Forces adjacent to the Defending Force which are not engaged with any other enemy Force, they may join any retreat sustained by the Attacking Force, at the owning Player’s option. They do not take SP losses from Battle or Pursuit.

PURSUIT

(Step 9 and 17)

[179.] The entire winning Force, or a Subordinate Leader of this Force, may Pursue the losing Force along its Path of Retreat. The Pursuing Force must stay on this path but may stop at any hex without being required to Pursue the full distance specified on the Pursuit Table. If the Force Leader pursues then Subordinate Leaders may be dropped off along this path as in Movement.

[180.] Δ A Force may pursue into and through an Enemy ZOC but may not exit a ZOC Bond (see ¶125).

[181.] The retreating Force loses one SP for every hex of Pursuit. If the losing Force retreated the full specified distance then the winning Force may not Pursue into the hex occupied by the losing Force under any circumstances. If the Pursuit distance is indicated to be greater than the required length of retreat, the winning Force stops in the hex adjacent to the losing Force. The losing Force then loses one extra SP for every extra hex of Pursuit not allowed to the winning Force. Δ Pursuit Losses are not doubled for traversing EZOCs.

[182.] If the losing Force did not retreat the full specified distance, and the winning Force has a sufficient length of Pursuit to allow it to enter the hex of the losing Force, then the Pursuing Force may enter the hex with the Retreating Force. The Retreating Force in this case is eliminated and the Pursuing Force ends its Pursuit in that hex. Even though the Pursuit Table calls for a greater Pursuit, the pursuit cannot extend beyond the hex in which the retreating force is eliminated.

[183.] A Force may not Pursue farther than the number of hexes indicated by its Length of Pursuit on the Pursuit Table. Pursuit is carried out immediately after Retreat, before any other attacks are resolved.

[184.] The Retreating Force’s losses are equal to the actual length of Pursuit but must be at least equal to the losses taken by the Pursuing side. The first SP lost to pursuit should be taken from Artillery units if possible.

Which Forces May Pursue

[185.] A Force is never required to Pursue. After Pursuing, the winning Force may not attack again that Phase, even if its advance brings it adjacent to attacks that are yet to be resolved. The entire winning Force may Pursue, except that Artillery may never be included in a Pursuing Force.

[186.] A Pursuing Force may consist of any part of the winning Force as long as it has a Leader capable of commanding the units in the Pursuit. In other words, a new Force may be defined from the winning side at the instant of Pursuit. Remember that Major Generals may only be created during the Command Phase and must be already present in the battle if they are to lead a Pursuing Force or take command of artillery.

Multi-Force Pursuit

[187.] In the event of two enemy Forces losing a battle to a single Force, both Forces may be Pursued if there are sufficient Leaders in the winning Force to create two Pursuing Forces. Δ Each separate force suffers its own losses. If either is unpursued it suffers only the minimum loss.

How to Use the Pursuit Table

[188.] After the winning side has deducted its combat losses, refer to the Initiative Comparison Matrix for the Resistance Modifier. Then go to the Pursuit Table. Cross-reference the unmodified Initiative of the Pursuing Leader with the Length of Retreat (given as a Combat Result). The result of the modified die roll is the Length of permissible Pursuit.

[189.] Modifiers to the Pursuit Die Roll

The Resistance Modifier.
A Pursuing Force composed exclusively of Cavalry and/or French Guard (-1). The Leader of a Cavalry Pursuit need not be a Cavalry Major General.
A Force must add to its Pursuit die roll the number of rounds of Pitched Battle which it revealed.

Resistance Modifier

[190.] Consult the Initiative Comparison Matrix to determine the Resistance Modifier for the Pursuing Force (considering the winning Force to have the active Leader). Cross reference the Length of Retreat with the pursuing Leader’s Initiative Rating. Modify the Pursuit Table die roll by the resulting Resistance Modifier.

Maximum Pursuit

[191.] Regardless of the Length of Pursuit indicated on the Pursuit table, a Pursuing Force may not Pursue a distance greater than its SPs. Example: In order to Pursue four hexes, a Pursuing Force must consist of at least four SPs.

Pursuit to a Fortified Town

[192.] A Force may not Pursue into an enemy-occupied or enemy-garrisoned Fortified Town. It must end the Pursuit in the first hex adjacent to the Fortified Town. Losing Forces may retreat into a Friendly garrisoned Fortified Town hex without displacing any Force therein (see ¶177, “Retreat into Fortified Towns”).

ADJUST MORALE (Step 10 or 18)

Critical Battles

[193.] A battle may move the Morale Level Marker one space if it meets the criteria below: Determine the losses in SPs for both sides after any Battle (including Pursuit losses). Δ If the Losing Force lost more than three (3) SPs, the winning Player rolls a die: add the winner’s loss to the die roll result. If the total is less than or equal to the SPs lost by the losing side, the winning Player adjusts the Morale Track one space in his favor.

Commentary: This change from Series 1X games is necessary because of the greater number of men represented by a strength point. Example: If the Losing Force lost 6 SPs and the nonretreating Force lost 3 SPs then the differential would be three (3). The winning Player would then have to roll a 3 or less on the die for this to be a Critical Battle. If the retreating Force did not lose more than three (3) SPs, or if the non-retreating Force lost the most SPs, there is no change to the Morale.

Capture of a Major Personality

[194.] A Leader with a Command Span of six (6) or greater, or with a Bonus Point, is a Major Personality. The moment a Major Personality is captured, adjust the Morale Track one space against the owning side. Exception: If Napoleon is ever captured, the game may either end as an Operational Victory for the Coalition Player or the Morale track is adjusted two spaces in the Coalition Player’s favor according to the Coalition Player’s choice. Δ A player may NOT avoid their capture and the loss of morale by, for instance, making a Δ 6Δ span leader unemployed and turning everything over to a Δ 5. Δ Defeat of the Old Guard

[195.] At the end of any Combat Phase where the Guard was staked and failed to win the Combat round, the Morale Track is moved one space toward a Coalition Victory. Regardless of the number of battles in which the French Guard were staked and lost in a single Combat Phase, the Morale Track is only moved one space in any one Game-Turn because of the Guard’s defeat. The French Guard winning a combat round does not affect the Morale Track.

PITCHED BATTLE

(Step 11 and 19)

[196.] One complete round of Pitched Battle includes one attack and one counterattack. Players may only change the type of battle marker selected at the beginning of a round of Pitched Battle; i.e., after counterattack (see ¶203).

[197.] If the losing Force (the bold face result) revealed Pitched Battle, no retreat occurs and the Combat Result is the number of SPs lost by both sides (exception: see “Staking the Old Guard,” ¶169).

[198.] The defender may use his Pursuit chit on the first round even if he wins the first round. This is to show the importance of his initial deployment—did he leave a rearguard to slow the attackers or did he commit his forces to the battle in that first round? If the Phasing Player loses his first attack, the defender may–after the first attack only– “override” a phasing Pitched Battle chit, if he selected Pursuit. Δ In a “Pursuit Override” the winning side takes its loss as a retreat and the loser may attempt to pursue, taking his combat result as SP losses (see ¶ 205). The override only applies when the opponent revealed Pitched Battle.

[199.] Δ In a Pitched Battle, the non-Phasing Player immediately counterattacks with as many of the survivors as can constitute a single Force. This attack is made against at least the strongest hex of the enemy Force (in the event that the Phasing Player employed a Multi-Hex Force for his initial attack, see ¶ 159) from which the attack was initiated. A force does not have to counter-attack if not in an enemy ZOC, or across a primary or secondary river hexside from the enemy. A Force in a Fort, or a masking force in combat with a force in a Fort, does not have to counterattack or re-attack.

[200.] The counterattacker may always attack with Δ all the infantry and cavalry of the force. The results of a counterattack only affect the actual hex, or hexes, being counterattacked.

[201.] Subordinate Leaders in a counterattacking Multi-Hex Force may divide their attacks between separate hexes from among the initial attackers. In other words, a Multi-Hex Force may resolve its counterattack against a Multi-Hex Force as separate attacks as long as no hex receives more than one counterattack in this round and as long as every part of the defending Force counterattacks (remember that a Force is constituted the instant of Combat).

[202.] At the end of a counterattack, if Forces involved in the counterattack are still adjacent to the Force which initiated the original attack, then the Phasing Player is obliged to launch a re-attack (commencing a new round of battle). Before doing this, the first round of any nearby Pitched Battles must first be resolved (see ¶204).

[203.] To commence a new Round, both Players select a new Battle Marker which will apply to the result of the upcoming re-attack. This sequence of attack and counterattack will now be repeated if the losing side reveals Pitched Battle. The maximum number of Rounds of revealed Pitched Battle per side in a given combat is Δ two (only if the Initiative of the Force Leader is greater than two see ¶156). Thus, there could be up to four rounds of Pitched Battle actually fought (if each side loses two rounds apiece and reveals Pitched each time). Once a force has selected Pitched Battle the maximum number of times permitted (either once or twice), it must choose Pursuit on succeeding rounds.

Concurrent Pitched Battles

[204.] If more than one battle is going to be resolved, during the same phase, within 5 hexes of any hex in combat, resolve all Round One attacks and counterattacks before going on to Round Two.

Minimum Combat Losses

[205.] The Losing side always loses at least as many SPs as the winning side. Δ In a Pursuit Override, the retreating force

that played the override is considered the losing side for minimum loss purposes.

Pitched Loss Greater than Total Force

[206.] If the losing Force has insufficient SPs to absorb the losses called for on the CRT, resolve the round as a Pursuit battle, regardless of the Battle type chit. Example: A Force of three SPs plays Pitched in spite of the fact that it is attacked by 18 SPs. It then receives a Combat Result of 4. Instead of taking the losses, the losing Force retreats 4 hexes. The victor may then Pursue.

IV. MORALE AND VICTORY

[207.] Each game has a Morale Track. This track represents the will of the belligerent Nations and/or their armies to make and sustain war. Morale is affected by:

Critical battle
Death or capture of a Major Personality
Defeat of the French Old Guard
Occupation of political features on the map such as cities.

Effects of Morale

[208.] The effects of Morale define the end of the game and who wins. Morale also modifies Attrition die rolls (see “Modifiers of the Attrition Die Roll,” ¶138).

IV.a. CAPTURE OF POLITICAL FEATURES

[209.] Political features and the way they affect morale are defined in the Exclusive Rules.

IV.b. STRATEGIC VICTORY

[210.] Levels of Victory are defined in the Exclusive Rules.

TERRAIN EFFECTS CHART

Hex Type	Entry Cost Inf.	Entry Cost Cav.	Combat Effects / Notes
Clear	1	1	none
Swamp	2	4	x 0.5 attacking into / out of hex. Cav. x 0.5 defending in hex
Woods	2	3	Attacking into: inf x 0.75, cav x 0.5; no bombardment into / out of hex.
Hills	1.5	2	Affecting
Wooded Hills	2	3	Same as Woods
Town	other terrain	other terrain	Affecting & Force in hex may always choose Pitched (except Vedettes)

Hexside Type	Cost to cross Inf.	Cost to cross Cav.	Combat Effects
Primary Road	0.5	0.5	none
Secondary Road	1	1	none
Lake	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Primary River	only at bridge	only at bridge	Allowed only across bridge. Counterattack not required across
Secondary River	+0.5	+0.5	Affecting; x 2 pursuit loss if retreated through. Counterattack not required across
Primary Bridge	+0	+0	Affecting; x 2 pursuit loss if retreated through

NOTES: Terrain effects are cumulative for movement but not for combat. Artillery pays infantry rate. Cav. in a Force with inf. pays separate costs.

PART TWO: EXCLUSIVE RULES

INTRODUCTION

[1.] Napoleon at the Crossroads covers Napoleon’s campaign in Saxony from the conclusion of the Armistice through the final battle of the campaign at Leipzig.

[2.] Napoleon at the Crossroads is a part of the Campaigns of Napoleon System, and uses many of the same Standard Rules as Highway to the Kremlin, also published by Operational Studies Group. Departures from Highway to the Kremlin rules are marked so: Δ

[3.] This Exclusive Rules folder contains rules particular to Napoleon at the Crossroads. These are used in conjunction with the Standard Rules; unless otherwise stated, all the Standard Rules apply. Exclusive Rules addto or modify the Standard Rules. The Exclusive rules are presented in two levels: Battle Scenario Rules and Campaign Rules. Within each level, the rules are presented in order of the Sequence of Play.

The Scale of the Game

[4.] This game is part of a series designated “2X” to denote the scale—3.75 miles per hex, 3,000 men per Strength Point, 3 days per turn.

[5.] After you read the Battle Scenario rules you will be ready to play the Battle Scenarios. The Battle Scenarios are separate games playable in an evening, with the Forces set-up on the map as the armies are about to meet in a battle situation. The Battle Scenario Rules add [70] paragraphs to the Standard Rules.

[6.] The Campaign Rules add [126] more paragraphs, including options. The Campaign is a 24-turn game. It is recommended that you experience the flow of play of the Battle Scenarios first before adding the complexity, exceptions, and administrative considerations of the Campaign Game. Δ Campaign Rules may be considered as optional rules for use in the Battle Scenarios if both players agree. (Judicious selection is required here—for example, Extended March will not work in the Battle Scenarios as there are no AP expenditures in the Battle Scenarios.)

[7.] The “Scenario Information” gives the conditions at the start of each Battle Scenario, including AP Levels, Start Date, and the like (see ¶190).

Background

[8.] In the aftermath of the debacle of the Russian campaign, Napoleon faced the pressing task of creating a new army to face the Russians and his former ally, Prussia. France was forced to summon 19-year-olds, barely trained and inadequately officered.

[9.] When Napoleon built-up the army for this campaign, he created new regiments around cadre of company size. Appearing in the field at the end of April, these 200,000 youthful warriors pushed the Coalition Army back from Saxony to Silesia.

[10.] By the beginning of June, they were exhausted, and suffering from a lack of supply and the cavalry necessary to pursue the routed foe after a battle. Their opponents were reeling back into friendly territory and the supports it contained. Agreeing to an Armistice in order to build up his forces, the Emperor rejected the terms of peace dictated by Austria, “not on account of the loss of territory, which would be very small, but because it would cast a cloud upon his glory. He unhesitatingly preferred to its acceptance, therefore, war with the whole of Europe—a resolution which was doubtless remarkably

bold with respect to his own fortunes, very cruel with respect to the many victims which it sacrificed on fields of battle, and a species of outrage against France, exposed to so many dangers simply on account of the pride of her ruler.”(—L.A. Thiers, History of the Consulate and the Empire) This stubborn inflexibility brought Austria into the war, and so when the campaign re-commenced the French were strategically surrounded on three sides.

Design Viewpoint

[11.] Napoleon began the Autumn campaign by going on the offensive in two directions at once, sending Oudinot against Berlin while he advanced against Blücher. His planning was unrealistic and failed, as in 1812, to consider the delays of dispatches over the great distances of the theater. Coalition forces withdrew in the face of the Emperor in person, returning to battle his subordinates in his absence. This “Fabian” strategy (so called after Quintus Fabius’s strategy after Trasimene) rendered the French position in Saxony untenable.

[12.] A great weakness of the French Army in 1813 lay with its devastated officer corps. The available cadres of experienced non-commissioned officers were too few to train all the young conscripts, and the newly-promoted subalterns were inexperienced. Dislike of the war increased through the ranks from Majors on up. If the young French and Polish troops were devoted to the Emperor and willing to follow him wherever he should care to lead them, Macdonald and Ney did not inspire such confidence. The German contingents chafed under the French yoke and deserted as the opportunity arose.

GAME EQUIPMENT

[14.] Napoleon at the Crossroads contains the following components: One Box One Game Map, 22 Δ x 34 Δ One sheet of die-cut counters (280) Standard Rules Folder Exclusive Rules and Study Folder (including Charts and Tables Folder) Orders Slip sheet/Sequence of Play (1) 8.5 Δ x 11 Δ Organization Displays (4) 8.5 Δ x 11 Δ

March Table Sheets (7) 8.5 Δ x 11 Δ Unit Manifest Sheets (4) 8.5 Δ x 11 Δ Turn Record Card (1) 8.5 Δ x 11 Δ Record Tracks (2) 5.5 Δ x 8.5 Δ Battle Resolution Worksheet (1) 8.5 Δ x 11 Δ Two six-sided dice are required for play (not included) Replacement Parts Customer Service Operational Studies Group PO Box 50207 Baltimore, MD 21211 email: [email protected]

GAME MAP

[15.] The Game Map shows the parts of western Poland and Silesia, Prussia, Lusatia and Saxony in which the campaign took place. Dresden on the Elbe was the linchpin for control of central Germany. The four battlefields from OSG’s “Four Lost Battles” are outlined lightly on the map (see Designer’s Notes).

Map Scale

[16.] The scale of the map is 3.75 miles per hex.

Mixed Terrain Hexes

[17.] If two or more types of terrain appear within the hex, consider it to be of the type with the highest MP cost. A hex is Woods if there is any woods pattern in the hex (ignore a few specks of color spilling over along one hexside from an adjacent hex). Example: 2426 is clear terrain, 2527 is woods.

UNIT MANIFESTS AND MARCH TABLES

[18.] All Set-Up Information is presented on the March Tables and Unit Manifests. The Unit Manifests specify, for each unit, the Leader’s track on which to set-up the unit and its strength. The March Table specifies the Leader’s hex on the map or the name of the force leader that begins the scenario in command of the leader.

COMBAT UNITS & LEADERS

[19.] The combat units represent Brigades, Divisions and Corps of 1,500 to 36,000 men. For units with a strength greater than six, place the unit counter on the Organization Display with “+6” facing up—add 6 SP to the number in the track space occupied by the unit.

Leader Ratings

[20.] The Subordination Rating is listed in the [boxed] middle position. The order of ratings is thus: Initiative / Subordination / Command Span. Subordination Ratings are never higher than four. Some leaders have a fivepointed star denoting a leadership bonus point which can modify certain die rolls.

Nationality

[21.] Russian units are earthen brown. Prussians are steel blue-gray with black values. Austrians are white with tan stripe. Swedes are light yellow with blue stripe. French units (sky blue), Polish (crimson); French Old Guard (dark blue with yellow values); French Young Guard (light blue with yellow values); Italians (white with green stripe).Germans—Saxons (chamois with white stripe); Württembergers (dark blue with red unit type symbol); Bavarians (gray and yellow); Badeners (gray and blue);

Substitute Units

[22.] For each Corps-level combat unit there is one division-level combat unit which historically made up a part of that corps. These units sometimes appear in the set-up tables and can also function as “March Divisions” (see ¶65, 66, Standard Rules). Exception: If the division-level unit is of a different unit type or nationality than the main body of the corps, it must remain at all times on the display. The unit type and nationality of a given SP cannot be changed. Substitute units cannot be absorbed by a unit of a different unit type or nationality. Example: Vandamme's corps has Teste's division as a substitute. Vandamme's I Corps unit costs 2 subordination points. If the player brings on the substitute counter the corps now costs 3 subordination points. Reynier’s Display has Durutte’s French Division on his Track at all times. Since Reynier’s VII Corps unit is of a different nationality, it cannot absorb Durutte’s division. St. Cyr has Pajol’s cavalry on his track unless Pajol is assigned a separate set-up hex.

Replacement Markers

[23.] Replacement Markers are used to record the levels of manpower residing in the replacement pool. There are markers for recording infantry and cavalry of French Line and Coalition troops. Austrian (A) replacement points can be added only to Austrian units, etc. If there is no marker for that type, replacement points cannot be accumulated but must be used immediately. Division level substitute units may be used if necessary.

Major Generals

[24.] Some officers named on combat units held ranks of Lt. Gen., General, or even Marshal, but will still be represented on the map by generic “Major General” markers. Infantry Major Generals have ratings of 1 [2 ] 3 and Cavalry Major Generals are rated 4 [1] 2 (Initiative/ Subordination/ Command Span). These generic Major Generals are identified by number and type (infantry or cavalry). Major Generals are leader counters used to show detached combat units operating independently on the game map. Major Generals may only be activated or voluntarily de-activated during the Friendly Command Phase. The number of Major Generals that may be activated is limited only by the number provided.

Self-Employed Leaders

[25.] Note that many leaders have an eponymous combat unit. Each of these leaders must have his own combat unit on his track as long as both his leader and unit counters remain in play. Such a leader can be brought into play and removed from play like a Major General, but he must enter the map in the hex with his combat unit. Exception: The versatile French Leader Arrighi need not command his III Cav Combat unit. Example: There is one counter for the French I Corps—this is the combat unit representing the corps—and one for Leader Vandamme. The combat unit counter goes on the Organization Display of Vandamme. If the leader Vandamme is in play, he must command his own corps.

Garrisons at Start

[26.] Citadels, Fortified towns and Capital Cities may begin the game with garrison markers (see ¶63 and ¶176—see also ¶34 “Supply Source Garrisons”)

Garrison Strength

[27.] Garrisons function as any other force. Their strength is the full strength printed on the counter for as long as they remain on the map (see ¶63). As a separate force in the hex (see ¶54), Garrisons have no subordination cost toward another force in the same hex. Garrison Strength is intrinsic while the garrison marker remains in place on the map, and if required to take any losses a garrison on the map is destroyed .

Garrisons on the Organization Display

[28.] If subordinate to a leader who can command them, Garrisons may be moved to a Leader’s track and may engage in combat and take incremental losses like regular units.

Battle Scenario Rules

A. WEATHER

[29.] The weather did not cooperate with Napoleon’s plans in 1813. The thunderstorms that rolled out of the southern mountains on Turn 5 raised the water level on the Oder River to their highest stage of the 19th century— 14 feet above normal at Crossen. There are six different types of weather, one of which must be in effect during each Game-Turn. The six types are Thunderstorm, Duststorm, Rain, Rain + Mud, Fair, and Heat. At the beginning of each scenario—and at the beginning of each subsequent Game-Turn—the First Player must roll the die and consult the Weather Table to determine the weather for the coming turn, noting die roll modifiers indicated on the Table. Place the Weather Marker in the resulting space on the Weather Table. Δ Prussia (plus all territory east of the Oder River) is considered a separate zone (because of its sandy soil) and a modifier applies to the weather die roll for all forces while they are in Prussia (including in partial hexes like 1409) or east of the Oder (turns 1-9 only).

I.a.1 LINES OF COMMUNICATION

[30.] In order to use the specified Administrative Point Level in determining attrition (see ¶178), a Force must be within Dispatch Distance. If not, it must use the “zero” column on the Attrition Table when determining attrition and may not be issued a Movement Command. (See Standard Rules ¶55—57.)

[31.] Center of Operations Unlike in the Campaign Game, in the Battle Scenarios Δ there is no Center of Operations. Instead, Depots fulfill their main functions (see Standard Rules ¶55).

[32.] The Battle Scenario Instructions (see ¶191) show where to place Supply Source (S/S) markers for each Army.

I.a.2. CHANGING THE ACTIVE SUPPLY SOURCE

[33.] The Active Supply Source may be changed. Flip the Supply Source Marker over (to signify that the process has begun) during Step 2 of the Admin Segment. During the following Administrative Phase, the Supply Source Marker may be placed face-up at any friendly supply source hex. While the Supply Source Marker is flipped over, the Army may issue no Movement Commands and must use the “zero” column on the March Attrition Table.

Supply Source Garrisons

[34.] The Active Supply Source has a garrison with a strength of one and a normal ZOC. Supply Sources are specified per scenario (see ¶175).

Capture of Supply Sources

[35.] If the Supply Source is attacked or repulsed and the garrison is eliminated or forced to retreat, the Supply Source is considered captured. When a Supply Source is captured, the Active Supply Source Marker is temporarily removed from play. While the Supply Source marker is out of play, the army suffers the same interim effects as under “Changing the Active Supply Source,” above.

[36.] A Supply Source Marker may be returned to play at any Supply Source in communications and free of enemy units (or EZOC’s ) during the following friendly Admin Segment. Supply Source and depot hexes cannot be permanently destroyed. A captured Supply Source may be reactivated as soon as the enemy forces are removed.

I.a.REPLACEMENTS & REINFORCEMENTS

[37.] Replacements and Reinforcements are not used in the Battle Scenarios (see Standard Rules ¶61, ¶91; Exclusive Rules ¶113, ¶121).

II.b. WEATHER EFFECTS ON MOVEMENT (Steps 2 and 3)

Mud

[38.] Mud increases the severity of March Attrition. Add one to the die roll on the Attrition Table.

Heat

[39.] Heat increases the severity of March Attrition. Add one to the Attrition die roll.

Rain

[40.] On Initiative Comparison die rolls, add one for ZOC exit.

Fair

[41.] No effects.

Thunderstorm Δ

[42.] Secondary Rivers cost one (not one-half) additional MP and Mud effects apply. On Initiative Comparison die rolls, add one for ZOC exit. If the weather happens to be different on the two sides of the river (e.g., at 2409), these effects still apply.

Duststorm Δ

[43.] On Initiative Comparison die rolls, add one for ZOC exit. Vedettes of all armies are prohibited from making repulse attempts (Campaign Game only).

III.b. GARRISONS IN COMBAT (Steps 1 and 8)

[44.] Garrisons may attack, and defend normally, while

the garrison counter is on the map; but they are a separate force from non-garrison units in the hex.

III.b. WEATHER EFFECTS ON COMBAT (Steps 5, 7, and 9)

Heat, Fair

[45.] No effects.

Rain

[46.] Add one to all artillery die rolls (if Mud, + 2). Add one to the Resistance Modifier in Pursuit.

Mud

[47.] Add two to the die roll on the Artillery Fire Table

Thunderstorm

[48.] Reduce the strength of all infantry units by one-half (retain fractions), in addition to any terrain reductions.

Duststorm

[49.] No effects.

III.b.6 TERRAIN AND COMBAT (See the Terrain Effects Chart)

Affecting Terrain

[50.] Affecting Terrain includes all Fortified Town, Town, Capital City and Hill hexes when the defender is in the hex, or Secondary River and Bridge hexsides attacked across. Use the “Affecting” line on the CRT. Non-affecting Terrain includes Clear and Swamp Hexes. There is no cumulative benefit for hex and hexside Affecting Terrain.

Swamp Effects on Combat Strength

[51.] The Strength of units of any type attacking into or out of a Swamp hex is halved (rounding fractions up). Cavalry Strength is halved when defending in Swamp hexes (rounding fractions up).

[52.] Woods Effect on Combat The Strength of infantry units attacking into a Woods hex is reduced by one-quarter and cavalry is reduced by onehalf (rounding fractions up). (See the Terrain Effects Chart.) Artillery in a woods hex may not bombard; target unit in a woods hex may not be bombarded. A Woods hex containing Hills is considered affecting terrain and Woods effects apply.

Fortified Towns

[53.] The following hexes are Fortified Towns: Leipzig (0722), Dresden (2528), and Crossen (4309). Combat is mandatory for Forces in the ZOC of an enemy-occupied Fortified Town, unless it is masked (see ¶56). Units defending in a Fortified Town hex have their Combat Strength doubled, up to a maximum of five extra Strength Points. ΔIn addition, Cavalry differential does not apply.

Forts Δ

[54.] Fortified Towns and Citadels are termed “Forts.” Zones of Control do not extend into Forts. ZOCs extend out of Forts normally (however, see ¶57). Attacking and counterattacking are not mandatory for a Force inside a Fort. Up to 48 SPs may be in the hex, but no more than 5 Strength Points receive the terrain benefit. To obtain the benefit if more than 5 SPs are in the hex, a separate force must first be created. This separate force is considered to occupy a tiny hexwithin-the-hex (they are regarded as physically occupying the Fort—the Citadel or Fortified area—an exception to “Insubordinate Stacks.” See ¶78 in the Standard Rules. See also the Terrain Effects Chart.)

Citadels Δ

[55.] The following hexes are Citadels: Wittenberg (1112), Torgau (1528), Königsstein (3030), Glogau (5616) and Schweidnitz (6122). The garrison (and up to 5 Strength Points) in a Citadel may not be attacked, and Bombardment is ineffectual (the artillery in the game contains lighter guns).Citadels (and Dresden as well) have a bridgehead symbol on the opposite bank (a small Fortified Town symbol) indicating that the garrison can move or attack across the bridge while the enemy may not attack across that same bridge, so long as the garrison remains.

Masked Forts Δ

[56.] During the Combat Phase, a player may declare an enemy-occupied Fort to be masked if the necessary friendly forces are adjacent. Put a Masked Fort Marker in the hex. A hex with a bridgehead must have one masking force adjacent on both banks. Example: Torgau would only be masked if there were friendly forces on both sides of the Elbe. The masking forces must have at least twothirds the SPs of the face-value of all the enemy forces in the hex (i.e., a SP ratio of at least 1:1.5). If the force in the Fort has friendly forces adjacent the fort cannot be masked

[57.] Masking Forces are not required to attack (this is an exception to ¶53). They remain adjacent and “in contact” (see Standard Rules ¶155). A Fort remains masked until the beginning of any Phase that it is no longer in the ZOC of adequate Enemy Forces.

[58.] No forces may enter or leave a Fort while it is masked. A force inside a Masked Fort has no LOC or Dispatch Distance.

[59.] Masked Forces may attack but are considered entirely outside the Fortifications when attacking and when counterattacked (see ¶54). They may ignore a retreat result on the CRT. They are not required to retreat out of the hex. If the enemy retreats or is no longer of adequate size at the end of the battle, remove the Masked Fort Marker. Δ### Attrition for Forces in Forts (Campaign only)

[60.] Forces within the Fort do not roll for Attrition. COMMENT: All of the Fortified towns had sufficient supplies to hold out at least until November.

Glogau

[61.] The Coalition Player has two units dedicated to Masking Glogau. These two units—one Russian and one Prussian—have a red Masked Fort unit-type symbol. They must set up adjacent to Glogau at start (the Russian unit in the bridgehead hex). If French forces (including vedettes) approach within five hexes of Glogau, the Coalition player may create a Major General and move the Masking Forces (henceforth they are treated as normal infantry).

Masked at Start

[62.] Any Fortified Towns which have sufficient enemy forces adjacent are considered to be Masked at start. EXAMPLE: Dresden is Masked in Scenario H. The French Forces total 12 (including Pajol) and the Coalition Force (Ostermann and VI Russian Corps) total 9, a ratio of 9:12; that is, better than 1:1.5.

Garrisons

[63.] Both Players have a number of garrison markers that start in Fortified Towns or Citadels. All garrison counters (except Prussian ones) have the name of a town to which they are assigned at start. Prussian Garrisons may be setup in Berlin and Crossen; the extra garrison may be used for a captured fortified town or citadel.

[64.] Neither Player can have more garrisons than the quantity provided. Any friendly Citadel, Fortified Town or Capital City can receive a garrison. If a garrison marker is available, a garrison may be created during the Reorganization Phase, by deducting one or two SPs from forces present in the hex. Place the created garrison directly on the map, flag-side up.

Removal of Garrisons

[65.] A garrison may be absorbed by a friendly force of the same type and nationality in the same hex. This may only be done during Step 3 of the Administrative Segment. The Garrison to be absorbed is immediately removed from play, its strength added to an infantry unit of the same nationality in the same hex. On the following turn the garrison becomes available to garrison another friendly-occupied Fort. If there aren’t enough garrison markers, a substitute unit may act as a garrison

[66.] A removed garrison may be placed on a present leader’s track on the Organization Display, reflecting its strength, or on a new Major General’s track. Garrisons on the track of a Major General or other leader may march, attack and defend like regular units (see ¶28).

III.b.8 RETREAT AFTER COMBAT

Retreat Across Rivers

[67.] A Force which retreats across a river after combat loses double its normal pursuit loss if the Pursuit reaches at least as far as the hex adjacent to the river hexside (but not necessarily crossing). Retreat across Primary Rivers is allowed only at bridges.

Retreat Off Map

[68.] A Force may retreat off a Friendly mapedge if required by a retreat after combat if there is no other path of retreat available. Pursuit of such retreating Forces must end at the map edge hex. The west mapedge is Friendly to the French; the others are Coalition-friendly (see ¶142). Δ Exception: The French supply source on the south map edge (‘to Hof’), remains French until Bavarian Realignment (see ¶154).

[69.] The Force retreated off a friendly mapedge may reenter the map in its following Movement Phase at the nearest possible map edge road hex, in the same manner as Reinforcements.

IV. MORALE AND VICTORY

[70.] In the Battle Scenarios Victory is determined by Victory Points. Additional Victory Conditions may be specified separately for each Battle Scenario (see ¶183).

CAMPAIGN RULES

[71.] The following rules show how long time periods affected the abilities of the armies. Their use entails some changes in the Standard Sequence of Play and some additional markers. These rules must be used when playing the Campaign Scenario (¶196).

[72.] The Campaign Scenario covers the entire period from 14 August 1813 through 22 October. With turns of active campaigning taking about 30 minutes, two Players can complete the 24-turn Campaign in 12 hours of playing time. Use the set-up for Scenario A or any of the other set-ups. Set up takes less than 30 minutes.

VEDETTES

[73.] Each Vedette Counter represents a cavalry unit divided into patrolling elements fanned-out to create a presence over a wide area. Vedettes are used to scout for information, screen the enemy from gathering information, and bluff. Disregarded when real forces fight, they have no influence on battle (except when fighting other vedettes). Δ Vedettes set-up according to “Vedettes Available” (see ¶185)

[74.] Vedette Pool Only Vedettes in the available vedette “pool” may be brought into play. Δ The maximum number of vedettes in the vedette pool changes during each period of the game (defined by the succeeding Scenario start dates; see the “Scenario Information.”) Each time a new Force is created or appears as a reinforcement, one or two new vedettes (if available) may be drawn from the “Vedette Pool” to appear with each Force. When Forces are consolidated, Vedettes may remain in play on the map.

Movement of Vedettes

[75.] The Movement Allowance of all Vedettes is 7 Movement Points. Vedettes pay cavalry movement costs. Vedettes move in every way like real Forces until their identity is revealed (except as outlined in items 1 through 6, below). Vedettes are revealed when adjacent to the enemy (see ¶78 and ¶85). A vedette, once revealed, remains revealed until the next time it moves (regardless of the phase or segment in which it moves). Vedettes differ from real forces as follows:

Vedettes do not require an Initiative die roll or Movement Command to move—nor do they suffer attrition. To disguise them, a player ought to sometimes make Initiative and Attrition die rolls for them;
Vedettes cannot damage bridges, cannot capture pontoons or cut Lines of Communications or the like (see ¶76);
Vedettes are not subject to Initiative Comparison, and forces adjacent to Vedettes ignore their ZOCs when exiting (see ¶78);
A Vedette cannot create its own Major General, and has no track on the Organization Display (see ¶83);
Vedettes may not retreat after combat, and may not form part of a pursuit force (see ¶85);
Vedettes do not count against stacking limits.

Vedettes and Lines of Communications

[76.] Vedettes may not interfere with a Line of Communication or Dispatch Distance (even if they

occupy a depot or Supply Source). Exception: (see ¶88). Either line may be traced into or next to a hex suspected of being occupied only by Vedettes. After the Line is defined, the opposing player need only state whether the Line is blocked. This is his option: he may elect not to cut the line even if the unit is not a Vedette. If the line is blocked, a new Line for that unit cannot be defined until the next turn.

Vedettes and Zones of Control

[77.] When an enemy force enters a ZOC bond dependent upon a Vedette, the owning player must reveal the Vedettes, but only after his opponent has declared whether he will attempt to repulse the hidden unit. The enemy unit may continue moving through or around the hex containing the Vedette, ignoring its Zone of Control. The enemy unit may not end its move in the same hex as the vedette. A screen of Vedettes could not prevent the movement of a Force trying to reinforce a battle; although it would be delayed because the Force must pay an additional MP to Repulse. A Force which begins its move in a ZOC bond, must begin by attempting a Repulse.

Repulse by Vedettes Δ

[78.] Vedettes can give the owning player a “quick impression” which he can respond to during movement, but he can’t get exact information this way. By attempting repulse, the vedette may determine the identity of the enemy force leader and then retreat before combat.

Vedettes in Combat

[79.] During the Friendly Combat Phase, Vedettes in EZOCs are compelled to attack (Exception: see ¶84, “Vedette Retreat Before Combat”).

[80.] Alternatively, the Vedette can follow through with a regular attack in order to obtain the exact strength of the enemy forces during step 6 of the Combat Sequence (the vedette will usually be destroyed, but may be recreated— see ¶82). There is no adverse effect on an enemy force engaged in combat with a vedette unless the friendly unit is also a vedette. There is no pursuit of a vedette eliminated in combat. During the Enemy Combat Phase, each Vedette with one or more enemy Forces in its ZOC must be attacked. A player may not ignore a Vedette to which his Forces are adjacent during his own Combat Phase. Example: An attack by a unit with a strength of “two” upon a Vedette would be resolved at four-to-one odds.

[81.] Vedettes are treated as normal combat units for combat purposes, except as follows. Δ Vedettes aren't affected by the Initiative Comparison Table, nor does their ZOC force enemy units to consult it. A Vedette may not choose to fight a Pitched Battle, and may attack an enemy hex only if there are no other friendly forces in the Zone of Control of the enemy unit. Vedettes must combine in attacks with other friendly units in the same hex. Vedettes have a Combat Strength of 1/2 SP when fighting alone and a combat strength of zero when combined with a real force. Vedettes may be Repulsed (see ¶78) if the attempt is declared before the Vedette is revealed. Vedettes cannot take advantage of the defensive benefits of a Fortified Town.

Vedettes Lost in Combat Δ

[82.] A Vedette which is forced to retreat or suffers any combat strength loss on the CRT is removed from the map and placed on a Leader’s portrait on the Organization

Display of the nearest Friendly Force within 7 MPs. During the Organization Segment of the next Friendly Player-Turn it is stacked on the game map with its Force Leader. If no such force exists within seven cavalry Movement Points it is removed to the Vedette Pool (see ¶74).

Vedette Strength

[83.] The strength of Vedette units cannot be incorporated into the strength of regular units on the Organization Display. When two or more vedettes are together in the same hex Δ only one vedette is allowed to remain on the map. The extra vedettes in the hex are either removed to the portrait of the leader on the Organization Display, or else must move out of the hex. While on the display Vedettes have zero strength and are ignored for all purposes.

Vedette Retreat Before Combat

[84.] Non-Phasing Vedettes (first) and then Phasing Vedettes which are alone in their hex, can take an automatic, voluntary “Retreat” result, of one or two hexes, before combat resolution but after finding out the approximate strength of the enemy-occupied hex, in step 3a of the Combat Procedure (see Standard Rules, ¶146). The enemy may not pursue. Vedettes must engage in combat normally if they do not elect to take the autoretreat.

Vedettes and Enemy Retreats and Pursuits

[85.] Neither Vedettes nor their Zones of Control interfere with the ability of enemy units to retreat or pursue during the Combat Phase. Δ Units may always ignore a Vedette when retreating or pursuing. If there is no other alternative, units may retreat or pursue through a hex occupied solely by enemy Vedettes. (If there is no other path the enemy player has to reveal the Vedette-only hexes that may be retreated through.) The Vedettes are displaced (see ¶174, “Priorities of Retreat—3” in the Standard Rules) or eliminated if unable to displace. A Vedette by itself may not conduct a pursuit.

Vedettes Out of Dispatch Distance

[86.] Vedettes that cannot trace a Dispatch Distance to a Center of Operations, Supply Source or a friendly Depot with an LOC (see ¶31), during the Administrative Segment of the Player-Turn, are immediately removed to a nearby Leader’s track on the Organization Display as described in ¶82 (Exception: Freikorps and Platov).

Cossacks and Freikorps Δ

[87.] Cossacks and Freikorps are Vedettes with a red unit type symbol. Regarded as unreliable by regular forces, they harried the French lines of communications. The three Coalition units Thielemann, Mensdorf, and Platov do not have to trace a Dispatch Distance (see ¶86).

Freikorps Δ

[88.] The Freikorps of Thielemann and Mensdorf were volunteer militia who became an increasing threat to French communications (see ¶91). All Vedette rules apply to Freikorps except that they appear in the game as reinforcements specified on the Bohemian Army March Table. Both Freikorps units are available at the start of every Set-Up after 7 Sept. (E–H). Freikorps eliminated for any reason are permanently out of play.

I.a. ADMINISTRATION

Overview

[89.] The Administration has two main functions: 1) To keep the troops together and supplied; and 2) To provide direction to the separate Corps. If it fails at either task, victory will not be achieved. A failure in the first function will result in increased Attrition (Standard Rules ¶136), while a failure in direction will mean that forces do not receive Movement Commands (Standard Rules ¶98). In order to obtain Movement Commands a force must be able to trace a line, called a Dispatch Distance (see ¶123), to the Center of Operations of its army. Each Movement Command costs one Administrative Point. Alternatively, for attrition purposes (only), the Dispatch Distance may be traced to a friendly Depot (see ¶ 101). The Center of Ops and Depot must have a Line of Communications (see ¶97) to the Active Supply Source, while a Depot’s LOC may connect with any friendly Supply Source (see ¶103).

[90.] In order to obtain Movement Commands in the campaign game, each Army has a pool of Administrative Points (see ¶109). A Movement Command costs one AP. As many Movement Commands can be created per turn as there are APs available for a given army (provided that its Center of Operations is active), but each force may only move once per Friendly Movement Phase. In order to receive a Movement Command, individual Forces must trace a “Dispatch Distance” of 12 MPs or less to the Center of Operations (at the cavalry rate, see ¶123). This Dispatch Distance may traverse any passable terrain.

[91.] Division of Command in the Coalition Armies. An Army may only issue Movement Commands to a force in its own army. Each Coalition unit and leader counter has a code letter in the upper right corner that specifies the Army: B for Bohemian, S for Silesian, or N for North. (see Standard Rules ¶39).

I.a. SEQUENCE OF PLAY—COMMAND PHASE CHANGE

[92.] The Administrative Segment now uses all four Steps:

Receive Administrative Points and adjust the AP Markers on the Accumulated AP Track (¶110).
Designate the friendly Supply Source. If this is now changed from last turn, deduct one AP (¶95).
Disband the friendly Center of Operations (if desired). Deduct one AP for this (¶96).
Add new Replacement Points to the Replacement Pool (¶113).

The Center of Operations

[93.] An Army’s Center of Operations must be Active in order to issue Movement Commands (or replacements), or to receive new Administrative Points. A Center of Operations is inactive if it has no Line of Communications (see ¶99 and ¶127). The Center of Operations should be flipped over when Inactive.

[94.] When the Center of Operations is inactive, the current AP Level may not be used when determining attrition. The Center of Operations may reactivate immediately upon restoration of its Line of

Communications. (Note: The Center of Operations is not rendered inactive by movement—see ¶124).

I.a.2 Changing the Active Supply Source (see ¶33)

[95.] While the Supply Source marker is inactive, the Center of Operations is also inactive. The cost to change the Supply Source is one (1) AP. This takes one complete turn to effect.

I.a.3 Disbanding Center of Operations

[96.] The Center of Operations may be disbanded only during Step 3 of the Administrative Segment. The Center of Operations is still considered “active” during the Game-Turn in which it is disbanded. To voluntarily disband the Center of Operations, expend one AP, remove it from the map, and replace it as a reinforcement unit during the Movement Phase of the following Game-Turn at the Army’s Supply Source or any Depot between the Center of Ops former location and the Supply Source on the current LOC. On the turn it reappears as a reinforcement it is Inactive.

LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS Δ

[97.] In order for the Center of Operations to be Active, it must have a Line of Communications (LOC). A Line of Communication is a line of connected, primary or secondary road hexes (see Standard Rules ¶55). The LOC is traced from the active Supply Source appropriate to that army to the army’s Center of Operations. Each Center of Operations under the Coalition player's control must trace from its own Supply Sources. (Exception: see ¶100.)

Supply Sources Assigned

[98.] French Army: on the western edge: (including 0110 if tracing via towpath, see ¶107), controlled by the French Player. The North Army Center of Operations must trace to a Supply Source on the north mapedge, the Bohemian Center of Operations must trace to a Supply Source on the South mapedge, and the Silesian Center of Operations must trace to a Supply Source on the east or the north mapedge (Exception: Hof see ¶68) controlled by the Coalition Player. The Silesian and North Armies may share the Berlin Active Supply Source (with no reduction in effect) (see ¶100).

[99.] Enemy Zones of Control do not affect the LOC. The maximum length of the LOC is [21] Movement Points. If the LOC exceeds [21] Movement Points in length, the Center of Operations is “Inactive.” An Army with an inactive Center of Operations may issue no Movement Commands or replacements or receive APs.

Berlin Supply Source Δ

[100.] During any friendly Admin. Segment on or after turn 14 (22 Sept.) in which Berlin is under the Coalition Player’s control, the Silesian Army may initiate change of its active Supply Source to Berlin (see¶33), and may share it with the North Army. If the French Player captures Berlin (see ¶148) he may begin to initiate S/S change to the Berlin Supply Source on the following friendly Admin Segment.

DEPOTS

Commentary

[101.] Depots are the middle links in the supply chain. Called ‘magazines’ in Napoleon’s time, wagons were collected there to range far and wide in search of fodder and forage, to deliver goods to the Corps, or to return to the Supply Source.

Depot Effect on Attrition Δ

[102.] Forces may trace Dispatch Distance to a depot with a valid LOC in order to use that army’s current Administrative Point Level for attrition determination. Depots cannot issue Movement Commands. Any friendly Supply Source (Active or not) may act as a depot for Attrition purposes.

[103.] Δ Depots must have a valid LOC to any friendly Supply Source (not limited to the active Supply Source). If they have no valid LOC they are depleted. Depots do not require garrisons.

[104.] Δ Depot Class (Letter A through H) indicates player control at start (see ¶177). All Depots are fully functional at the start of each Scenario for purposes of attrition and remain friendly until they are occupied by enemy forces or lose their LOC (see ¶105).

Depleted Depots

[105.] A Depot is Depleted if an enemy force of any type— within Dispatch Distance of its own depot or Center of Operations—blocks the LOC to that depot at the end of any Player-Turn. (Zones of Control do not block the LOC.) A depleted Depot can be used for one more turn at an AP Level of 2 on the March Attrition Table; i.e., use the 1-3 column. On the following turn it is completely deactivated, unless the LOC was restored in the interim.

Changing the Supply Source Δ

[106.] The Active Supply Source may be changed (see ¶33). Only one supply source per army may be active on any turn. However, non-active friendly supply sources may have an effect on Attrition(see ¶102).

Dresden Supply Source Δ

[107.] The Elbe River was the lifeline to the French Supply Source at Dresden (2528). Dresden may be used as a French Supply Source if the town and the entire Elbe River towpath connecting it with the mapedge (0110) are controlled by the French Player. Should Dresden cease to be the French Supply Source the remainder of the towpath in French hands may function as a “Primary Road” for LOC purposes, traced through the depots of Dessau, Wittenberg, Torgau, and Meissen if in French control. There is no MP limit on the number of towpath hexes that can be in an LOC as there are for a normal, overland route. You can combine towpath and regular overland MPs in one LOC (count only the overland, road portion of the LOC). If Dresden ceases to function as the Active French Supply Source, it may still act as a depot (see ¶102) unless the towpath line is broken.

[108.] An enemy force greater than 2 SPs in any towpath hex will break the line. A force of 2 SPs or less cannot interfere with the towpath line. Δ A Coalition force on the Right bank of the Elbe (on the opposite bank from the towpath symbol) does not block the use of the river. If a Coalition Force breaks the line, Dresden becomes a Depleted Depot (see ¶66). In Set-Ups G and H the line is considered already broken (as of 4 October).

I.a.1 HOW ADMINISTRATIVE POINTS ARE RECEIVED

[109.] Administrative Points are used to create Movement Commands, which the Player must expend for each force if he wants to be certain it will move. The Level of Accumulated Administrative Points determines the severity of March Attrition for Forces.

How to Receive Administrative Points

[110.] New Administrative Points are accumulated during the Administrative Segment of the Player-Turn. The Player refers to the Administrative Point Pool and rolls two dice for each Army under his control to determine the quantity of APs he receives. The Coalition Player rolls separately for the Silesian, Bohemian, and North Armies. Cross-reference the LOC distance between the army’s Center of Operations and its Supply Source with the dice roll. The number resulting from the cross-reference is the quantity of Administrative Points added to the accumulated total. Note: The LOC may not exceed Δ 21 Movement Points. If the Army has an inactive Center of Operations it receives no new Administrative Points.

Army Commander AP Bonus

[111.] If the Army Commander—the Leader of that army in play with the highest Command Span—currently resides with his Army’s Center of Operations, add one AP to the total received (see ¶117).

How to Use the Administrative Point Tracks

[112.] For each Army, use the two markers provided to indicate “Ones” and “Tens” of accumulated Administrative Points. Adjust these markers on the track to record the level as it ebbs and flows. Example: To show “Thirteen” Administrative Points, place the Tens marker in the Number 1 space, and the Ones marker in the Number 3 space.

I.a.4 REPLACEMENTS

[113.] Replacements of fresh and rehabilitated troops become available for addition to the Replacement Pool according to the Turn Record/Reinforcement Track. Replacements from the pool may (only) be added to units of the specified nationality and type that are within dispatch distance of the Center of Operations (see ¶123). An army with an inactive Center of Operations may not add Replacements from the Replacement Pool to its units. Austrian Replacement Points are only issued through the Bohemian Army; Prussian Points through the North or Silesian Army; Russian Points through the Bohemian or Silesian Army, at the Coalition Player’s choice.

How to Determine Replacement Strength

[114.] Both Players check the Turn Record/Reinforcement Track for Replacement Strength Points. The numbers show Infantry (i), and Cavalry (c), Strength Points (see ¶23).

Reinforcement Leaders

[115.] Leaders which do not begin the game on the map may be brought on later as reinforcements (see ¶121) as specified on the March Tables and the Turn Record/Reinforcement Track.

LEADERSHIP

[116.] Marshal Ney. Marshal Ney has to make a second die roll if his Initiative die roll (for movement) is six. The second roll is a direction-finder: 1 is between North and East-north-east (ENE), 2 between ENE and ESE, 3 between ESE and South, 4 between South and WSW, 5 between WSW and WNW, and 6 between WNW and North. He must expend

4 Movement Points moving in that direction, and the move is governed just like a retreat after combat, except that there is attrition for his force, and the final resting place must lie on or between the specified compass points. If he runs into impassible terrain, an enemy Force, or a map edge, he must stop after entering the first EZOC. He may try a repulse. His path will go off-road if required.

Army Commander

[117.] The Leader in each army (French, North, Silesian, Bohemian) with the highest Command Span is the Army Commander and gains the Army Commander AP Bonus (see ¶111).

Personality Clashes

[118.] All the Armies suffered from personality clashes among their senior commanders. These clashes reduced the efficiency of both armies.

[119.] Δ French Leaders Oudinot, Vandamme, St. Cyr, Murat, Macdonald and Ney; and Coalition Leaders Konstantine and Wittgenstein, when subordinated to one another, will clash. Each leader’s Subordination Rating increases to four (4) when commanded by any other leader above.

I.b. ORGANIZATION SEGMENT

I.b.2 March Divisions

[120.] March Divisions are brought into the game as explained in Standard Rules ¶65, 66, 75. Place the new unit on the track of some leader in the same hex. March Divisions may also enter at any Friendly Supply Source or the active Center of Operations—create a Major General for it and place it on the map in the same hex.

II. MOVEMENT

II.a.1 REINFORCEMENTS

[121.] Reinforcement Leaders and entry hexes are listed on the March Tables (see ¶115). Reinforcement units enter at the strength shown for the start of the following Scenario on the Unit Manifest. Reinforcement units (such as the French IX Corps of Augereau) must enter under the command of a Major General or an unemployed Leader.

II/IIIa. ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL EFFECT ON ATTRITION

[122.] The number of Administrative Points remaining on the AP Track at the instant of Movement determines the severity of March Attrition for that army. When determining attrition, the Player finds the strength of the Force on the column headed by the AP Level showing on the AP Track at the instant of the Force’s movement. The fewer Administrative Points accumulated, the greater will be the attrition. As long as a Force begins a march within Dispatch Distance of either its active Center of Operations or any functional depot of that army, a player may use the column on the March Attrition Table corresponding to the number of Administrative Points currently in the friendly Accumulated AP Track. If the Force does not have a valid Dispatch Distance, it must use the “zero” column on the Attrition Table. (Dispatch Distance may not be traced to the Center of Operations if the Center of Operations is inactive—see ¶93-95).

II.b.1 DISPATCH DISTANCE

[123.] Δ Dispatch Distance is necessary for 2 activities:

Issuing Movement Commands or Replacements; and
When determining March Attrition. The Dispatch Distance is traced from a Force to the Center of Operations of the same army. For attrition purposes, the line may be traced to a depot instead (see ¶102). The Dispatch Distance for each Army is 12 MPs. The path is traced through any passable terrain at the cavalry movement rate. The path may not be traced through enemy units (exception: Vedettes) but may traverse EZOCs. The Force need only be within Dispatch Distance during Step 1 of the Movement Procedure (see Standard Rules ¶45) to benefit; it may move out of Dispatch Distance during Step 2 without consequences until the next turn.

II.b. MOVEMENT OF CENTER OF OPERATIONS

[124.] The Center of Operations has a Movement Allowance of 4 Movement Points. For movement purposes, it moves like cavalry. It may not move under Initiative (and it may not Force March or Extend March), Δ but it may always move without expending a Movement Command.

[125.] On the turn the Center of Operations moves, Dispatch Distance is traced toward its initial location, so the Center of Operations moves after all other Movement Commands have been issued. In the following turn the Dispatch Distance is traced to its new location (see ¶127, “Effects of the Movement of Center of Operations”)

[126.] A Center of Operations may not enter an enemy ZOC. It is never considered part of a Force, does not require a Leader, and does not count for stacking purposes. It is not subject to Attrition. A Center of Operations may enter any terrain. However, it must end its turn on a primary road hex in order to activate during the following turn (see ¶127). It has no Combat Strength nor ZOC, cannot block the Enemy LOC nor Dispatch Distance, and cannot damage bridges.

Effects of the Movement of Center of Operations

[127.] If a Center of Operations moves, it remains active and, so long as it has a LOC, units in Dispatch Distance still get the benefit of the Accumulated Administrative Point Total when determining Attrition; they are not required to use the “Zero” column simply because the Center of Operations has moved.

“Flight”

[128.] The Center of Operations may never be captured. Instead, it must “flee” when an Enemy Force moves into the hex it occupies. If forced to flee, it is moved four (4) Movement Points toward any Supply Source of that army free of Enemy forces, at the owning Player’s choice. When fleeing it ignores the presence of enemy Forces (in effect, the staff is reestablishing it further back along the LOC). The Center of Operations remains active.

[129.] If the Center of Operations flees and all of its possible Supply Sources are Enemy-occupied, it flees off the map (ignoring the 4 MP limit). If the Supply Source is not Enemy-occupied, it retreats no farther than the Supply Source.

[130.] If displaced off the map, the Center of Operations may return to any friendly Supply Source hex during the friendly Movement Phase after the Supply Source hex is cleared of Enemy forces.

IIb. MOVEMENT COMMANDS

II.b.1. Creation of Movement Commands

[131.] Movement Commands are created and issued to the individual Forces of an Army during the Movement Command Segment (II.b.1). One Administrative Point is deducted from the Accumulated APs for each Movement Command created. Movement Commands may not be created if the Center of Operations currently has no Line of Communications. (Accumulated APs are available for use after re-establishment of the LOC.)

II.b.1. Issuing Movement Commands

[132.] In order to receive a Movement Command (see ¶45), a Force must start the Movement Command Segment within Dispatch Distance of the Center of Operations of its army. In the case of a multi-hex Force, only the Force Leader need be within this distance. One Movement Command is expended for the Force, regardless of its total strength or the distance of its March, so long as it is not making an Extended March.

II.b.2 Extended March Δ

[133.] Any Force activated by a Movement Command may increase the Movement Allowance of all its units by up to 4 Movement Points by immediately expending one additional AP. This increase is termed Extended March.

[134.] Forces making Extended March resolve attrition only once, at the end of their combined normal and Extended March, adding “one” to the Attrition Die Roll for each MP of Extended March. When determining attrition, use the line corresponding to the total distance of the march. Then add one to the die roll for each Movement Point of Extended March taken. (Unemployed Leaders may not make Extended March).

ADMINISTRATIVE MARCH

[135.] Administrative March allows a Force to move during each Friendly Movement Phase that the order is in effect. An Administrative March persists from turn to turn and the force must move each turn, taking the shortest possible route (in terms of Movement Points) toward its Objective Hex. The Force must move at its maximum Movement Allowance each turn. It may not include Forced March or Extended March.

[136.] Creating an Administrative March Any Reinforcement Force may be placed under an Administrative March on the turn of its map entry (though its arrival may be delayed indefinitely by the Player). Also, any Force within Dispatch Distance of the Center of Operations during the Command Phase may be placed under an Administrative March. The force may comprise a Leader plus the units on his track (but no subordinate leaders). The Player must secretly write the name of the Leader and his objective hex on an Orders Slip, and then deduct one AP from his Track for each Administrative March. The objective may be any single town or Supply Source on the map.

[137.] Removal of Administrative March An Administrative March is removed and no longer in effect at the end of any phase in which:

A. the Force reaches its objective (the written objective must be revealed to the Enemy Player upon its arrival); B. the Force enters the ZOC of an Enemy unit Δ (if it is a vedette the Administrative March remains in force); C. at the Player’s option, if the force is within Dispatch Distance of the Center of Operations during the friendly Command Phase. (At the same time, the objective hex of such a force may be changed.) When a force assigned to a Mapedge Supply Source objective arrives at the mapedge, it may exit at the owning player’s option (see ¶142). If he decides to retain that force on the map, the order is cancelled.

II. BRIDGES

[138.] Any road crossing a Primary River hexside is a Primary Bridge. All roads crossing Secondary Rivers are Secondary Bridges. Primary Bridges have a higher MP cost to damage or repair, and may not be affected by allcavalry forces. Unlike all other Movement Point costs, MPs expended relative to the damage, repair, deployment and removal of bridge structures do not count toward the total expended for determining Attrition. Refer to the Bridging Summary Table. Δ A Force which expends Movement Points on bridges may not make an Extended March in the same phase. Damaging and Repairing Bridges (Standard Rule ¶49)

[139.] A force adjacent to a bridge hexside can damage the bridge during a friendly Movement Phase by expending additional Movement Points according to the Bridging Summary. Place a Broken Bridge marker on the damaged bridge. For all purposes, a damaged bridge does not exist until it is repaired.

[140.] A Force can repair a damaged bridge during a Friendly Movement Phase by expending additional Movement Points in an adjacent hex. If an Enemy Force occupies the other hex adjacent to the bridge, it cannot be repaired. Once the repair is completed, the Broken Bridge marker is immediately removed.

Bridge Trains

[141.] Bridge Trains have no Combat Strength or Subordination cost, and a Movement Allowance of 4 (paying Cavalry Movement costs). A bridge train can be used to bridge any river, primary or secondary. A bridge train cannot create its own Major General, may not make an Extended March, may not retreat, and may not form part of a pursuit force. An undeployed bridge train cannot be destroyed, damaged, or repaired. If its force makes a pursuit or is forced to retreat it is placed in the currentlyoccupied hex on the map (train side up). If a Force enters or passes through a hex containing an undeployed enemy bridge train, the bridge train is captured and becomes a friendly bridge train for all purposes. Deployed bridge trains are called pontoons, and bridge train markers have pontoons on their reverse sides. To deploy, expend 1 MP; the pontoon is useable at once. A deployed pontoon may be captured (if enemy) or undeployed (if friendly) when it is passed through by a force, with the expenditure of one additional MP on crossing the hexside.

II. OFF-MAP MOVEMENT

[142.] Forces may exit the map voluntarily at any road (primary or secondary) on the map-edge assigned to that

army: North Army–North; Silesian Army–East; Bohemian Army– South; French Army–West. (Exception: Δ The road to Hof (0733) is French until the Bavarian Realignment (see ¶154). The exiting force pays the Movement Point cost of the hex it is leaving, again. The Force leader is removed from the exit hex, and is placed on the Turn Record Track corresponding to its turn of exit. Forces forced to retreat off the map are treated the same as voluntarily-exited forces, Δ but only if they retreat at a friendly mapedge (see ¶68). It costs a Force one AP to exit voluntarily, 2 APs if during a retreat after combat [this represents equipment abandoned amid the uproar and confusion]. Forces which retreat off a nonfriendly map-edge are eliminated instead. There is no pursuit off-map.

[143.] Δ An exited force may remain off map indefinitely. While off map, forces may not be reorganized. An exited force re-enters the map like a reinforcement (see Standard Rule ¶93). They must first check for attrition using “0-21/2” MPs as their March Distance, if they re-enter at the exit hex, or according to the distance to the actual re-entry hex. To determine the range of possible re-entry hexes, multiply the number of turns since the force exited by 4. The force may re-enter on any Friendly primary or secondary road within that number of MPs of the original exit hex, counting the distance along the mapedge hexes (ignore the presence of roads, enemy forces and EZOCs for this purpose, except those on the proposed entry hex itself). NOTE: Imagine the Force moving off map through hexes which are identical to the mapedge hexes. Assume rivers are bridged but no road benefit. Resolve all off-map attrition at the moment of entry. The Center of Operations may continue to accumulate APs while off-map using the 0-7 column on the Administrative Point Pool. For Forces Off-Map at Start: (see ¶167). EXAMPLE: Schwarzenberg exits at Teplitz (2634) on Turn 4, and enters at Zwickau (3633) on Turn 8, a distance of 10 hexes or 11 MPs, representing two turns of movement off-map at 3-4 MPs and two turns at 2 MPs.

IV. PARIS MORALE

[144.] As in 1812, Napoleon was focused on the control of fixed points—Berlin, Dresden, etc. Without first inflicting a heavy defeat on the enemy armies in the field, possession of these places in itself could not bring victory.

Levels of Victory

[145.] French morale is recorded on the Paris Morale Track. Morale may be positive, neutral, or negative.

At the end of any Game-Turn in which Paris Morale is off the positive end of the track, the Coalition player immediately surrenders, the game is over and the French Player wins a Strategic Victory. At the end of any GameTurn in which Paris Morale is off the negative end of the track, the game is over and the Coalition Player wins a Strategic Victory.
If Paris Morale is between +1 and +4 inclusive at the end of Game-Turn 24, the French Player wins an Operational Victory. If it is negative at the end of GameTurn 24, the Coalition Player wins an Operational Victory. If Morale is zero, the Coalition Player wins a Tactical Victory.

[146.] At the start of any scenario, place the Paris Morale Marker as specified in the Scenario Information (See ¶91).

Effects on Paris Morale

[147.] In addition to Morale Changes as outlined in the Standard Rules (see ¶193, 194, and 195), Paris Morale also changes due to the capture of Capital Cities and other conditions as listed below.

Capture of Capital Cities

[148.] On the turn that Berlin, Dresden, or Leipzig is captured, if it is still occupied at the end of the GameTurn by the capturing Force, adjust Paris Morale by one space in favor of the capturing player. Should an opposing Force subsequently recapture a capital city, remove any change obtained in Paris Morale for that city.

[149.] Effects of Paris Morale on Attrition If Paris Morale is negative, the French Player must always add one (+1) to the die roll when determining Attrition (see Standard Rules ¶138). Coalition Attrition die rolls are not affected by Paris Morale.

POLITICS Δ

Fall of Berlin

[150.] Since many of the administrative services had been located outside of Berlin (and off the map), the effects of the fall of the Prussian capital are largely on morale; Berlin remained a center of recruitment (see also ¶99).

Effects on Prussian Replacements

[151.] Prussian replacements are permanently lost during the period of French occupation of Berlin. Thus if the Turn Record track specifies “Pr: 1i” and the French currently occupy Berlin, no infantry replacement would be received that turn nor accumulated for a later turn.

Effects on French Replacements

[152.] Control of Berlin gives the French access to offmap friendly garrisons. Each turn the French player controls Berlin, he receives an additional infantry replacement point (up to a limit of 4 SP total).

Reported Sightings of Napoleon

[153.] His comings and goings were always well-known, and news of the Emperor’s movements generally got back to the enemy camp. His appearance at the front was easily discerned by the renewed vigour of his troops. At the beginning of the Friendly Combat Phase, the Coalition Player may select any one enemy force on the map, and rolls one die: On a result of 1 or 2, if Napoleon is present in that force, the French player must reveal his force leader in that hex or pay 1 AP to keep it concealed. On a result of 3, the French player may state that Napoleon is/is not in the hex, but does not reveal; he may state accurately or “spin.” On a result of 4–6 he provides no information.

[154.] Bavarian Realignment. On the 7th of October, the French Player must consult the following table. Roll once for the Saxons, and then again for the Bavarians. The result states the turn on which the Saxon and Bavarian units are removed from play, along with any strength they contain. (When the Bavarian units are removed, the XII Corps is deactivated, and when the Saxon units defect, the VII Corps is deactivated. Their leaders become unemployed.)

German Realignment Table

Die Roll	Paris Morale -3 to -4	Paris Morale -1 to -2	Paris Morale 0	Paris Morale 1 to 2	Paris Morale 3 to 4
1	22	23	Never	Never	Never
2	22	22	23	Never	Never
3	21	22	22	Never	Never
4	21	21	22	23	Never

KEY: The result is the turn on which Bavaria or Saxony changes sides. Never = no realignment.

On the turn of Bavarian realignment the French supply source on the south map edge is deactivated and is available to the Coalition Player.

Austrian Statecraft

[155.] In addition to withholding their own forces, the Austrians and Swedes were given to ordering other troops away from the place where they were needed. Each turn, any Coalition force in either the North or Bohemian Armies (the Silesian Army is exempt) which rolls a six during an Initiative attempt that Phase must make a second roll as for Marshal Ney (see ¶116).

OPTIONAL RULES

II.b.3. THE SOUND OF GUNS

[156.] Commentary: It was customary in written orders to specify that a force should maneuver toward the sound of the guns. Generals would ride out from headquarters until within earshot of cannonfire to determine from listening what was happening. The maximum distance the sound could carry, except in really large bombardments, seems to have been about ten miles. A one-round battle would likely be over before a force could march that far (a force already in column could cover 10 miles in four hours, but a pursuit battle would be over in that time).

[157.] This rule can be used only by a Force that failed its regular Forced March Initiative die roll and that began the Combat Phase within 3 hexes of a Friendly Force about to be attacked by an Enemy Force.

[158.] Such a Force may attempt to Force March again before the second Round (only). If it passes its Initiative die roll, the Force then sets-out on its way. It must march “to the sound of the guns”—directly to the battle only, expending all Movement Points necessary to move adjacent to the defending hex. The Force must check for attrition before joining the battle with the commencement of the second round.

III.b.12. BATTLEFIELD DYNAMICS (Controlling the Battle)

[159.] Prior to each player’s counterattack (or reattack),* the player about to attack rolls the die, modifying for Cavalry Differential. *i.e., before Step 12 , or before Step 1 of the second round. The phasing player does not roll prior to his initial first round attack.

[160.] Explanation of Results If the modified die roll is less than his Force Leader’s Initiative, Player retains control of the battle. No attack (remain in contact) If the modified die roll equals his Force Leader’s Initiative, he may not attack (remaining in contact—skip your half of the Battle Round). Your forces remain in place. The Enemy may continue the pitched battle with a follow-up counterattack (or reattack), provided he has selected pitched battle. Must counterattack (or re-attack) If the modified die roll is greater than Initiative by one, he must counterattack (or re-attack). This is the regular way (as in Standard Rules). Take a Retreat instead of attacking If the modified die roll is greater than Initiative by two or more, he must retreat. Based on the actual die roll result of the immediately preceding combat resolution, there will be no pursuit if the enemy did not win the prior combat. Example: Napoleon (Initiative 4) has 2 SPs of cavalry and his enemy has 4 SPs, weather is fair. Cavalry Differential is +1 (= die roll modifier). If his modified die roll is 2 or 3, he retains control of Battlefield Dynamics; if 4 he must remain in contact; 5 he must Counterattack, 6 or 7 he must Retreat.

THE BATTLE WORKSHEET

Please make extra photocopies of this form before play.

[161.] PREPARE FOR BATTLE:

Battle name (after nearby town) and date.
Force Leader name (note bonus).
Unit Roster (all units in the Leader’s Force).
Strength Points (enter in first column).
Unit Type (draw-in to left of unit name).
Total Strength Points Committed (total strength of all committed units at bottom of first column).
Battle Chit (write-in).

[162.] RESOLVING BATTLE:

Enter art., inf. and cav. strength totals in spaces a, b, c.
Enter army’s total strength (Infantry + Cavalry) in space d. If terrain reduces this number, write the adjusted strength in brackets.
Both armies fire their artillery, noting casualties (e), and the armies’s new totals (f).
The attacker rolls on the combat table, noting the results in space g. The army losing the round has its circle checked, and reveals its battle marker.

[163.] LOSSES:

Casualites are noted in h, and new totals in i. Terrain effect changes are noted. Note any additional casualties (k) and produce final army totals for the round (l).
If the battle was a Pursuit battle, resolve pursuit and write the results in space h, and note the new totals (i); the battle is over. Both players adjust their organization displays to reflect the final total.

[164.] SUCCESSIVE ROUNDS:

If the counter-attacking force doesn’t retreat, transfer these totals to line d of a new battle form and begin the next round of the battle.

HOW TO SET UP THE GAME

[165.] Select a scenario (see ¶6), sorting the counters by army (Coalition and French) and then into the following categories: Major Generals, the other Leaders, Vedettes, named Combat Units, March Divisions, Markers and other counters.

[166.] The initial placement for the leaders is given on the March Tables per scenario. Place all the units and leaders on their respective places on the manifests before transferring the units to the Organization Displays, the Leaders either on the Organization Displays or on the map.

Off Map at Start Δ

[167.] The French Force of Augereau is a regular reinforcement with a specified entry hex, timed for arrival on the TRC. Bennigsen’s Army of Poland also falls in this category. Coalition Forces (other than Bennigsen and forces entering on turns 2 & 3), and the French Force of Girard, which begin the Scenario Off-Map, are available to enter the map on any turn anywhere along the appropriate mapedge (see ¶142). The Strength of all Forces which begin the Scenario off-map is their strength specified on the Unit Manifest for that scenario, less any attrition they have suffered during turns of delay (see ¶143). All off-map forces enter the map according to Standard Rules ¶91-97.

UNIT MANIFESTS

[168.] Combat units are listed on the Unit Manifests. The individual unit strengths are shown beneath the headings corresponding to the various scenario start dates. Δ Cavalry units not listed on the Unit Manifests set up at full strength in all scenarios.

Artillery units set-up at full strength with the Army Commander: Reisner with Schwarzenberg, Rentzell with Blucher, Cardell with Bernadotte, Reserve with Napoleon, and other artillery with the appropriate officer.
Cavalry units with a corps designation (such as Pajol of the French XIV Corps) set-up with their corps officer, unless otherwise listed.
If the symbol “—” appears, the substitute unit has a strength of zero for that scenario; but is available.
German substitute units Raglovich (prior to Bavarian Realignment, see ¶154), Marchand, and Franquemont; and French unit Durutte set-up at full strength in all scenarios.
Prussian substitute units Thümen, Borstell, Wobeser, and Hirschfeld have a strength chosen by the owning player that must be deducted from their parent Corps on any turn they have a separate set-up hex.

ORGANIZATION DISPLAYS

[169.] Place the combat units on the numbered track spaces corresponding to their listed strength. (See Standard Rules ¶19, “Organization Displays”.) Place subordinate leaders (in the same hex as the Force Leader) on the Force Leader’s portrait to denote they are part of his force. Δ Swedish Units must remain on the Army of the North’s Organization Display, and Austrian units

must remain on the Army of Bohemia Display. Russian and Prussian units may move from army to army without special restrictions. Example: In Set-up C, St. Cyr’s track contains Pajol (cav.) and St. Cyr (unit). St. Cyr (unit) incorporates the strength of Claparede (substitute not in use); M-Duvernet sets up under his eponymous Major General.

Major Generals

[170.] Combat Units that have a separate set-up hex use Major Generals as their Leaders use the Major General of the appropriate type (infantry or cavalry). Units that frequently operated independently (such as M-Duvernet) have an eponymous Major General.

Masked at Start

[171.] Any Fortified Towns which have sufficient enemy forces adjacent are considered to be Masked at start.

SCENARIO INFORMATION DETAIL

[172.] The Scenario Information below is of three kinds: Battle Scenario information, Campaign Scenario information, and general information that applies to both Campaign and Battle Scenarios.

GENERAL INFORMATION

First Player

[173.] The Coalition Player is the First Player in all scenarios except Set-ups B, C and H (see ¶191).

Game Start

[174.] Place the Game-Turn Marker on the Turn Record Track on the date specified as the start of the scenario.

Location of Supply Sources

[175.] Supply Sources must be placed as specified in the Scenario Information. Once assigned, the Supply Source may only be changed as specified under “Changing the Supply Source” (see ¶33, ¶106, Communications Table).

Garrisons

[176.] Place French and Russian garrison markers in towns named on the markers. Exception: do not set-up the Königstein garrison in Scenario H. Prussian Garrisons may be set-up in Berlin and Crossen.

Depots at Start

[177.] The Letter printed next to each Depot on the map indicates the last Set-up in which it is French-controlled. Depots of Classes A through G are French through and including the Scenario Set-up corresponding to their Class. EXAMPLE: Class “A” Depots are French in Setup A only (see ¶104, ¶191, ¶195).

Administrative Point Levels

[178.] The Accumulated AP Levels, specified for each side in each scenario, show where on the AP Track to place the AP Level Markers (x1, x10) at the start of the scenario. Each player will use the AP column on the Attrition Table corresponding to the number of Accumulated APs.

[179.] In the Battle Scenarios this level will remain constant throughout the game and will be used to determine the proper column to find while rolling for attrition. In the Campaign game it is the starting level.

Bridge Trains at Start

[180.] Bridge trains set up with any Leader at the owning player’s choice in all scenarios. Exceptions: (see ¶192).

BATTLE SCENARIO INFORMATION

Scenario End Date

[181.] The Battle Scenarios end with the conclusion of the turn specified as “End Turn (incl).”

Movement Commands Available

[182.] These levels specify the number of movement commands available each turn, per side, in the battle scenarios only. The total of Coalition Movement Commands can be apportioned among the three armies freely in the Battle Scenarios.

Battle Scenario Victory Conditions

[183.] Victory is awarded to the side that has accumulated the highest number of Victory Points at the end of the scenario. The Victory Conditions below apply to all battle scenarios. Victory Points are awarded as follows:

Depending upon the Ratio of Total Coalition-to-French Combat Strength lost (to all causes) during the scenario, the French Player gains or loses Victory Points. Do not include Vedette and Garrison strength in the total.

Ratio of total strength lost:

Coalition : French	1:2	1:1.5	1:1	1.5:1	2:1
French Victory Points	-2	-1	0	+1	+2

Morale Change: One French VP per step of change in Morale. Example: Paris Morale is +1 at the start of Scenario C. If it is “-1” at the end, the French will lose two VPs.

CAMPAIGN SCENARIO INFORMATION

Scenario End Date

[184.] The Campaign Scenario ends with Game-Turn 24, regardless of start date. (Exception: see ¶145.)

Vedettes Available Δ

[185.] At the start of any scenario, the Coalition Player may place no more than two Vedettes on the map with each actual Force leader; the French Player may place no more than one per actual Force. Δ All other vedettes are placed in the available “Vedette Pool” or are out of play. Vedettes are placed within 2 hexes of a real friendly force, never in an EZOC. The First Player deploys his first. No force may have more than 2 friendly vedettes within 2 hexes at start. Due to the above, any vedettes that cannot be placed return to the vedette pool. The maximum number of Vedettes available to each player is specified in the Scenario Information (see ¶88 and ¶191). Note: Light Cavalry units have a circled numeral indicating the number of vedettes associated with that unit; this is for Historical Interest only.

Reinforcements

[186.] Forces listed on the TRC may be introduced into play by the owning Player as reinforcements during the Reinforcement Segment of the Movement Phase (see Standard Rules, ¶92, ¶95, and Exclusive Rules ¶121,)

Centers of Operations

[187.] Centers of Operations may be set-up with any friendly force at the owning player’s option—or— anywhere on any Primary Road which lies between his own forces and his listed Supply Source. All Centers of Operations are Active at the start of the Campaign.

Morale at Start Δ

[188.] Indicates the space on the Paris Morale Track to place the Morale Marker.

March Table Start Dates

[189.] Start Dates showing the situation on start dates during the campaign are provided on the French and Coalition March Tables. To clarify force structure, first place your units on the “Organic Units,” “Substitute Units,” and “Vedettes” areas of the March Tables.

Scenario Information Δ

[190.] The Scenario set-up dates are:

14 August (A) Opening Moves
23 August (B) Grossbeeren
26 August (C) Katzbach and Dresden
4 September (D) Dennewitz
19 September (E) The Coming Storm
28 September (F) Wartenberg
7 October (G) Napoleon at the Crossroads
13 October (H) The Battle of Nations

The Battle Scenarios can be completed in a few hours. The Campaign Scenario can be completed in less than 18 hours. The following table presents all the variable information needed to play the scenarios (aside from force locations and strengths). For example, Scenario A Starts on Turn 1 and ends on Turn 6. The French begin the scenario with 22 APs. Refer to the March Tables for Force locations and the Unit Manifests for unit strengths at the start of each scenario.

SCENARIO INFORMATION

[191.] Battle Scenarios

Scenario	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Start Turn	1	4	5	8	13	16	19	21
End Turn (incl.)	6	9	10	13	17	21	24	24
First Player	Co	Fr	Fr	Co

(MCs = Movement Commands; Co = Coalition; Fr = French; S/S = Supply Source; APs = Administrative Points. The Coalition Depots row begins in Scenario B.)

Pontoon Bridges and Bridge Trains

[192.] Scenarios C–E) Deploy a French pontoon at Pirna. Scenario F) Deploy Coalition pontoons at Rosslau, Aken and Wartenburg. Scenarios D–H) Remove one Russian Pontoon Train from play (destroyed). Scenarios G–H) Remove one Prussian Pontoon Train from play (destroyed pontoon of Rosslau). Scenarios F–H) Remove one French Pontoon Train from play (destroyed pontoon of Pirna).

Burnt Bridges

[193.] Scenarios D–H) Aken and Rosslau. Scenarios E–H) Merseberg.

Supply Sources at Start

[194.] Scenarios G–H) Dresden has no LOC and may not function as a Depot.

[195.] Unlabelled Depots at Start All unlabeled depots are Coalition in all Scenarios.

THE CAMPAIGN SCENARIO

[196.] Game Length: 14 August — 22 October. Game Start: Any Battle Scenario Set-up (A–H) (above). Accumulated APs: Same as the Battle Scenario with corresponding date. Victory Conditions: (see ¶145) Other Scenario Information: (see ¶191).

DESIGNER’S NOTES

Highway to the Kremlin was the first game in the Campaigns of Napoleon System to change the scale (to 5X magnification). A series of further “Highway to…” projects were announced, and Highway to Leipzig is now the first of these to reach publication, as Napoleon at the Crossroads. Although the 5X scale fits the war in Spain and Russia, it was not appropriate for the German campaigns, as the entire theater would fit on one letter-sized sheet—inadequate to do justice to the most intense of all Napoleon’s campaigns. While designing Four Lost Battles we had to create a theater map for study. It was the study map that became the prototype for Napoleon at the Crossroads. The scale is 1:375,000. Each 16 mm hex is 6 km across (3.75 mi). The reason for the exact map scale we chose is related to the length of each Game-Turn in NaC—3 days per turn. For this campaign, a 3-day order cycle was right for the pace of operations. Because of the extensive theatre, it took 3 days or more to complete the C3 loop. The relationships of these 3 quanta—time/space/ manpower—have a shifting relationship. They each have their own sliding scale. That’s why the design doesn’t simply double all quanta from 1X. At normal march rates, forces could attain a moving average of 30 miles on primary roads in a three-day period (not including Forced March). The Movement Allowance of infantry is 4 MPs to maintain that pace (3.75 mi. x 2 x 4 = 30 miles). The reduction of one point in the Movement Allowance from other games in the series reduces the number of possible destinations by 33% (assuming clear terrain). Your choice of moves for a given infantry force is only 60 instead of 90 hexes, and is somewhat more predictable.

Dispatch Distance in the 2X Series is based on a rider travelling 12 hours in one day at an average clip of 5.6 mph, for a total of 67.2 miles or 18 hexes (±12 MPs). How does Napoleon at the Crossroads differ from our other game on this campaign, Struggle of Nations? There are fewer than one-quarter as many locations on the map, onethird the total of Strength Points to manage, and two-thirds the number of game-turns in the autumn campaign. Factor-in the reduction in Movement Allowances and the game is somewhere around half as complex. NaC has changed the focus from the interface with battle, where division structure is necessary, to where very little detail remains of the battlefield. The viewpoint is strictly Corps-level operations; it’s not straddling two levels at once. All these changes make the game more manageable. The entire campaign game can be played to completion in 12-18 hours.

Strategy

We know how the Coalition won the campaign, but how can the French win? Operating in occupied territory, the Emperor’s comings and goings were well-known to the Coalition. Stealth is always part of a winning strategy, something Napoleon apparently forgot. There was nothing to prevent him from trying to fool the Coalition regarding his whereabouts, and hence his intentions. Napoleon could have used stealth to conceal his location—sending the guard off on its own, even disguising himself as a civilian, as he did on his return from Russia. “Pretend inferiority and encourage his arrogance,” is the formulation from Sun Tzu. Sun lays special emphasis on this point in The Art of War:

All war is based on deception.
The primary target is the mind of the enemy general.
Conceal your dispositions and intent. Feign incapacity.
When near, makes it appear you are far away; when far away, that you are near.
Approach your objective indirectly. Make an uproar in the east, but attack in the west.
Seek a quick victory, not lengthy campaigns; extended operations exhaust the treasury and the troops.
Attack only when the situation assures victory.
By threatening in many directions, seek to disperse the enemy to defend everywhere. If defending everywhere, the enemy is weak everywhere.
Careful planning and accurate information about the enemy are the keys to victory.

In is interesting to compare the Emperor’s performance on this scorecard. He hardly gets a passing grade on any point, and though he attempts to turn it around, the penultimate point above was thrown in his face. Napoleon was by this time entirely devoted to his own myth of invincibility—playing hide and seek was impossible for the legend he was forging . Hence the rule called “Reported Napoleon Sightings” (Exclusive ¶153).

Strategic Reversal

Towards the end of the campaign Napoleon planned to move his supply source down the Elbe to Magdeburg. If he had proceeded with this plan after Bernadotte and Blücher had crossed that river, Berlin and the Supply Sources of the Northern Army would have been his for the taking. What spoiled this plan was news of the Bavarian defection which left the direct route overland to France, via Mainz, exposed. A fascinating “What if…” would involve the French withdrawing eastward in Scenario H to take Berlin (see ¶99).

Citadels and Fortified Towns

The Forts in this campaign were not besieged, merely Masked. Citadels were true fortresses, others were former fortresses with some remaining fixtures. A siege implies works—saps, parallels, mining, bombardments, etc. Masking merely shows there are forces watching the garrison and preventing them from moving freely in and out.

Four Lost Battlefields

For an interactive study of the campaign using the game equipment of Four Lost Battles, start the northern forces (only) with the 23 August Set-up (Set-up B), and then set-up the Grossbeeren game from 4LB. Play-out the Grossbeeren game to completion and then translate the surviving forces into NaC forces and set them up in position for a 26 August start date. Set-up the Silesian and Bober Armies for 26 August (Set-up C) and play Katzbach to conclusion, re-setting the surviving forces for the 29 August turn. Move the northern forces (only) for their 26 and 29 August turns, and then play out the Kulm battle game, re-setting the surviving forces for a 1 Sept. start. Play the rest of the campaign starting on 1 Sept. You’ll have to do a bit of calculating to convert 4LB strength to NaC—SPs convert at a ratio of about 4 or 5 to 1, but exact strength point/manpower equivalents are given in the 4LB Study Folder on page 2. Similarly, two to four vedettes in 4LB equal one vedette in NaC. You’ll notice that only the top-level leaders in the Coalition Armies get their own leader counter in NaC. The process of converting forces should be quite enlightening.