Cemetery Hill: The Battle of Gettysburg, 1-3 July, 1863

Cemetery Hill: The Battle of Gettysburg, 1-3 July, 1863 Rulebook

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction

Blue & Gray is a set of games based on battles fought during the American Civil War. The games included are Chickamauga, Shiloh, Cemetery Hill, First Bull Run and Second Bull Run.

2.0 Components

2.1 Rules. The rules are organized in numbered paragraphs, like this one. When they refer to another, related section, this is noted parenthetically, like this: (2.21). Rules for each separate game, called scenario rules, are included after the game rules, which apply to all four games.

2.2 Map. The maps are divided into hexagonal areas, called hexes, which regulate movement and combat much like the squares on a chessboard. They cover the areas over which the battles were fought at a scale of about 400 meters across each hex. Note that the First Bull Run and Second Bull Run games use the same map.

2.3 Charts and Tables. The charts and tables are used to regulate game play. The Terrain Effects Chart (abbreviated TEC) describes the terrain found on the maps and its effect on movement and combat. The Combat Results Table (abbreviated CRT) is used to resolve combat.

2.4 Counters. The pieces represent units which fought or could have fought in the battles. Union units are blue; Confederate units are gray.

2.5 Definitions.

Movement Allowance: A relative measure of a unit's ability to move, expressed in movement points (abbreviated MPs).
Strength Point: A relative measure of a unit's combat strength. A unit's combat strength is stated as a number of strength points. Each strength point (abbreviated SP) represents 250 to 350 men.

4.0 Sequence of Play

The game is divided into a series of game-turns, each composed of two player-turns. Each player-turn is divided into a series of phases, which must be performed in the exact order stated below. The player conducting his turn is called the phasing player; his opponent is called the non-phasing player. All activity in one phase must be concluded before the next phase may begin. The scenario rules will indicate which player conducts his turn first.

I. First Player-Turn

A. Movement Phase. The phasing player may move his units (7.0). The phasing player's reinforcements, if any are available, are brought into play.
B. Combat Phase. The phasing player's units may attack (8.0) adjacent enemy units.

II. Second Player-Turn

The non-phasing player now becomes the phasing player and repeats the sequence above. Once his combat phase is complete, advance the turn marker one space on the Turn Record Track and begin the next turn.

5.0 Zones of Control

Units exert a zone of control (abbreviated ZOC) into the six hexes adjacent to the hex they occupy. Units must stop moving when they enter an enemy ZOC.

5.1 No unit may leave an enemy ZOC except as a result of combat (8.5).

5.2 ZOC's do not cancel one another: a hex may include ZOC's of both sides.

5.3 ZOC's do not extend across river or creek hexsides or into river hexes. They do extend across stream, ford and bridge hexsides.

5.4 If a unit is eliminated in combat (8.0), its ZOC immediately ceases to exist as well.

6.0 Stacking

Up to two combat units of the same side may occupy the same hex. This is called stacking. Stacking limits apply only at the end of the movement and combat phases: any number of units may move through the same hex during the movement phase. (Clarification: Units may not end their individual movement or retreat in violation of stacking.)

7.0 Movement

During his movement phase the phasing player may move all, some or none of his units (except those in enemy ZOC's). As a unit moves it expends MPs from its movement allowance according to the type of terrain it enters (see the TEC).

7.1 Unused MPs may not be accumulated from one turn to the next.

7.2 A unit may not enter a hex if it lacks sufficient MPs to pay the movement cost shown on the TEC (exception: see 7.4 below).

7.3 Movement costs are cumulative: therefore, a unit crossing a stream into a wooded hex would pay five MPs (the HexWar text prints "five MP5"; the figure is two to cross the stream plus three to enter the woods).

7.4 A unit not in an enemy ZOC may always move a minimum of one hex per movement phase, regardless of terrain costs.

7.5 Units may move along roads at a cost of one MP per hex, and along trails at a cost of two MPs per hex, regardless of any other terrain in the hex. To obtain the movement benefit of roads or trails, movement must follow the road or trail across a hexside containing the road or trail, not merely into or out of a hex containing it.

8.0 Combat

During the combat phase, the phasing player's units attack adjacent enemy units and his artillery may project its strength over intervening hexes to attack as well. All of the phasing player's units which are in enemy ZOC's must attack. All enemy units in friendly ZOC's must be attacked. The phasing player (the attacker) chooses which of his units will attack which enemy units, and in what order.

8.1 Resolving Combat

Total the combat strengths of all units attacking an enemy-occupied hex and compare the total to the total combat strength of all defending units occupying the hex under attack. State the comparison as a ratio of attacker's strength to defender's strength (like this: 2:1). Round off the ratio in favor of the defender to conform to the odds found on the CRT; thus, an attack of 19 against 7 becomes 2:1. The phasing player rolls the die. Read the result on the appropriate line under the odds column. Apply the result immediately, before resolving any other attacks.

8.2 Modifiers

Attacks across certain types of hexsides or into certain types of terrain may affect the defender's strength, as shown on the Terrain Effects Chart.

8.3 Results

AE: All attacking units are eliminated.
DE: All defending units are eliminated.
AR: All attacking units must retreat (see 8.5 below) one hex and may lose effectiveness (10.0).
DR: All defending units must retreat one hex.
EX: All defending units are eliminated, along with attacking units with a total combat strength equal to or greater than the printed defense strength of the defending units (attacking player's choice of units).

8.4 Restrictions

8.41 No unit may attack more than once per combat phase and no unit may be attacked more than once per combat phase. Any number of units may combine their factors to attack an enemy-occupied hex, as long as all attacking infantry and cavalry units are adjacent to the hex under attack and all attacking artillery units are within range (see 8.7). A unit may never divide its strength to participate in more than one attack.

8.42 Attacking units stacked together may not attack separate enemy-occupied hexes. The phasing player may attack with only one of the units if he so chooses and not attack at all with the other.

8.43 If a unit (or units) is adjacent to more than one enemy-occupied hex it may attack all of them in a single combat, as long as all attacking units (other than artillery) are adjacent to all defending units.

8.5 Retreat

If the combat result requires units to retreat, the owning player immediately moves them to an adjacent hex.

8.51 Units may not retreat off the map or into hexes occupied by or in the ZOC's of enemy units. Units forced to retreat which are unable to do so are eliminated.

8.52 Units forced to retreat may retreat into hexes occupied by friendly units; if this results in a violation of stacking limits one of the units in the hex must be moved to an adjacent hex (within the restrictions above). If this cannot be done, the retreating unit is eliminated.

8.6 Advances

If the combat result clears a hex of all units (through retreat or elimination), one unit which participated in the successful attack or defense may advance into the hex. This must be done before the next attack is resolved. If more than one hex is cleared of enemy units, the advance is still limited to one unit.

8.7 Artillery

Artillery units (including horse artillery) may attack enemy units within three hexes of their position (count the target hex, but not the artillery unit's hex). They may add their combat strength to that of friendly units making an attack, or may attack by themselves. Artillery units adjacent to enemy units must attack the adjacent enemy units and suffer any adverse results of the attack. Artillery may not advance after combat.

8.71 Artillery units attacking non-adjacent enemy units must trace a line of sight to their target: a straight edge between the center of the artillery unit's hex and the center of the target hex. If the line crosses any forest or town hexes, the line of sight is blocked and the attack is not allowed. If the line of sight runs along the line between two hexes, it is blocked only if both are forest or town hexes. Rivers and other units (both friendly and enemy) never block lines of sight, nor does the terrain in the artillery unit's hex and its target hex.

8.72 Artillery attacking non-adjacent units never suffers any adverse result (though any friendly units adjacent to the target hex and participating in the attack would suffer them). Defending artillery units suffer any adverse results.

8.73 Attacks by artillery alone against non-adjacent units must be made at odds of 1:3 or greater.

8.74 When adding their strength to friendly infantry or cavalry units attacking defenders in more than one hex (8.43), the artillery need only be within range of one of the hexes occupied by the defender.

8.75 Artillery units may not advance after combat.

8.76 Participation by attacking artillery units does not affect terrain modifiers for streams, bridges and fords.

8.8 Voluntary Odds Reduction

Before resolving an attack, the attacker may choose to reduce the combat odds. There is no penalty for doing so, but the attacker may not change his mind once the die has been cast.

9.0 Night

During night turns (shown on each game's Turn Record Track) there is no combat phase. Units adjacent to enemy units may not move. Units may not enter enemy ZOC's during night turns.

10.0 Attacker Effectiveness

Whenever a unit receives an Attacker Retreat (AR) result due to combat, its combat value is highlighted in red and it becomes "ineffective." It remains ineffective until a night turn or the end of the game, whichever comes first. Ineffective units may not attack but may move and defend themselves.

10.1 Only attacking units lose effectiveness. Units which suffer a DR (defender retreat) result suffer no additional penalty.

10.2 Ineffective units may not enter enemy ZOC's. If an ineffective unit is in an enemy ZOC at the beginning of its side's combat phase, it must retreat (8.5). This does not allow enemy units to advance (8.6). Note that ineffective units not in enemy ZOC's at the start of the combat phase do not retreat if an enemy unit moves adjacent to them (as the result of an advance) during the course of the combat phase.

10.3 Artillery which is not adjacent to the units it attacks does not lose attacker effectiveness.

10.4 At the end of a night turn, all ineffective units return to their effective status.

11.0 Other Rules

11.1 Strategic Movement (Not allowed in Cemetery Hill, Shiloh or Second Bull Run)

Units which begin their movement phase at least four hexes from the nearest enemy unit (three intervening hexes) may use strategic movement. Infantry and artillery units add three MPs to their movement allowance; cavalry units add four. Units using strategic movement may not move closer than four hexes to the nearest enemy unit during their movement phase and may not combine strategic movement with regular movement.

Note: the heading of 11.1 in the source states that strategic movement is not allowed in Cemetery Hill; the rule text is transcribed as printed.

11.2 Cavalry Retreat

Cavalry units attacked solely by enemy infantry or artillery may retreat two hexes (observing all retreat restrictions above) before combat is resolved. The attacking units may not attack other units, but one of them may advance into the vacated hex.

Terrain Effects Chart (TEC)

Transcribed from the Cemetery Hill Terrain Effects Chart image on HexWar.

Terrain	Movement Points to Enter/Cross	Effect on Combat	Line Of Sight
Clear Hex	1 MP	No effect
Forest Hex	3 MP	No effect	Blocked
Rough Hex	3 MP	Defender doubled in hex
Broken Ground Hex	3 MP	Defender tripled in hex
Wooded Broken Ground Hex	6 MP	Defender tripled in hex	Blocked
Forest & Rough Hex	6 MP	Defender doubled in hex	Blocked

Combat Results Table (CRT)

Transcribed from the Blue & Gray Combat Results Table image on HexWar ("Combat Ratios: Attacker's Strength to Defender's Strength").

Die Roll	1-5	1-4	1-3	1-2	1-1	2-1	3-1	4-1	5-1	6-1
1	Ar	Ar	Dr	Dr	Dr	Dr	De	De	De	De
2	Ar	Ar	Ar	Dr	Dr	Dr	Dr	Dr	De

Attacks executed at greater than 6-1 are treated as 6-1; attacks executed at less than 1-5 are treated as 1-5. Attacks by artillery alone against non-adjacent units must be made at odds of 1-3 or greater.

Results are explained in 8.3 (AE, DE, AR, DR, EX).

14.0 Introduction

Cemetery Hill is a simulation, on an operational level, of the battle between the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia at the town of Gettysburg, PA. The game covers the period from July 1 to July 3, 1863, when these two armies fought the bloodiest battle in American history to that point.

14.1 The game lasts 15 turns. The Union player is the first player. There is no Union player-turn on turn one.

14.2 Set Up

Players set up their units in the hexes noted on the map.

14.3 Reinforcements

During his movement phase, the phasing player may place any of his units due to enter play as reinforcements at the location noted.

14.31 Reinforcements may not enter the map in a hex occupied by an enemy unit, but may enter the map in an enemy ZOC (note that this will affect their ability to move).

14.32 Each reinforcement expends one MP to enter the map.

14.33 If a reinforcement entry hex is occupied by an enemy unit or its ZOC and is not entered into play, the unit(s) will be rescheduled to enter one turn later at the next unblocked map-edge road hex to the south or east for the Union or to the north or west for the Confederates. Entering reinforcements is optional after game turn one.

14.34 Reinforcement Schedules.

The four-digit entry codes below are printed in the source as given. They are not explained in the text; they appear to be map hex locations and should be checked against the printed map.

Union

Turn Two at 0127: 2/Ill infantry (19-6)
Turn Three at 1127: 1/II infantry (12-6); 2/II infantry (11-6); 3/II infantry (11-6)
Turn Four at 2112: 1/V infantry (12-6); 2/V infantry (10-6)
Turn Four at 1127: 1 Regular artillery (6-6); 1 Volunteer artillery (6-6); 2 Volunteer artillery (3-6)
Turn Five at 2112: 3/V infantry (8-6)
Turn Five at 1127: 3 Volunteer artillery (6-6); 4 Volunteer artillery (6-6)
Turn Six at 2112: 1/2 cavalry (5-6); 2/2 cavalry (5-6); 3/2 cavalry (4-6)
Turn Six at 2120: 1/VI infantry (16-6); 3/VI infantry (16-6); 2/VI infantry (12-6)
Turn Ten at 0127: 1/Reserve cavalry (5-6); 3/1 cavalry (5-6)

Confederate

Turn Two at 0104: 1 Johnson infantry (12-6); 2 Johnson infantry (12-6); 1 Anderson infantry (14-6); 2 Anderson infantry (9-6); McIntosh artillery (3-6)
Turn Three at 0104: 1 McLaws infantry (12-6); 2 McLaws infantry (10-6); 1 Hood infantry (11-6); 2 Hood infantry (10-6); Alexander artillery (5-6); Nelson artillery (3-6)
Turn Six at 1101: F Lee cavalry (4-6); W Lee cavalry (4-6)
Turn Nine at 0104: 1 Pickett infantry (9-6); 2 Pickett infantry (9-6); Hampton cavalry (5-6)
Turn Nine at 2101: Jenkins cavalry (4-6); Robertson cavalry (4-6)

14.4 Exiting the Map

Cavalry units may exit the map from any hex on the east or south edges at a cost of one MP. A unit which leaves the map may not return, and is not counted as destroyed for victory purposes. Units may not retreat (8.5) off the map.

14.5 Victory

The level of victory is determined by the ratio of Union VPs to Confederate VPs.

Ratio	Result
2:1 or greater	Union Decisive
3:2 but less than 2:1	Union Substantive
Greater than 1:1 but less than 3:2	Union Marginal
1:1 or less, greater than 2:3	Confederate Marginal
2:3 or less, but greater than 1:2	Confederate Substantive
1:2 or less	Confederate Decisive

14.51 The Confederate player receives two VPs for each Union SP eliminated and one VP for each Union SP which at the end of the game cannot trace a line of hexes free of enemy units or ZOCs (unless the hex is occupied by a friendly unit) to a road which leads off the east edge of the map.

14.52 The Union player receives three VPs for each Confederate SP eliminated and one VP for each Confederate SP which at the end of the game cannot trace a line of hexes free of enemy units or ZOCs (unless the hex is occupied by a friendly unit) to a road which leads off the west edge of the map.

14.53 At the end of each Union player-turn, each player determines the cumulative total of his cavalry units (not SPs) which have exited the map up to that point in the game. Each turn, the Confederate player is awarded five VPs for each exited Confederate cavalry unit in excess of the total of exited Union cavalry units. For example, if the Confederate player exit three cavalry units on turn 12 and the Union two on turn 13, the Confederate player would be awarded five VPs. If no more cavalry units exit the map, the Confederate player would continue to receive five VPs per turn until the end of the game.

The HexWar Cemetery Hill victory-conditions page repeats 14.5 and 14.51 through 14.53 word for word; they are transcribed once, here.

14.6 Note

The creek is treated as if there are ford hexsides along its whole length.